Title Page | Preface |A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Appendix | Mileage Conversion

[Subscribers List a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | y ]

C1 | C2 | C3| C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8

CARMAVY, a grange, in the parish of KILLEAD, barony of LOWER MASSAREENE, county of ANTRIM, and province of ULSTER, 6 miles (S. E.) from Antrim; the population is returned with the parish. This grange is situated upon the road from Belfast to Antrim: and comprises, according to the Ordnance survey, 789 1/4 statute acres.

CARMONEY. --See CARNMONEY.

CARN, or CARNDONAGH, a market and post-town, in the parish of DONAGH, barony of ENNISHOWEN, county of DONEGAL, and province of ULSTER, 17 miles (N.) from Londonderry, and 135 1/2 (N. N. W.) from Dublin; containing 618 inhabitants. This place, which is pleasantly situated on an eminence near the head of the bay of Straghbregagh, or Strabeagy, and on the road from Londonderry to Malin, consists of a small square and four good streets, and contains 198 houses, many of which are large and well built; a river runs through it, and another has its course a little to the north. The market is on Monday; and fairs are held on the 21st of Feb., May, Aug., and Nov. Here is a chief constabulary station, with barracks for the police; and it is the head of a coast-guard district, comprising also the stations of Dunree Fort, Dunaff Head, Malin Head, Port Redford, and Green Castle. In the vicinity are many excellent houses, the principal of which are, Tunalague, the residence of R. Cary, Esq., proprietor of the town; the glebe-house, of the Rev. G. Marshall; Fairview, of J. Magill, Esq.; and Bridge House, of M. Rankin, Esq. The parish church, near which is an ancient and curious stone cross, and the R. C. parochial chapel, a large and handsome edifice, erected in 1826, are situated in the town. There are also a meeting-house for Presbyterians in connection with the Synod of Ulster, male and female parochial schools, a large and handsome national school, and a dispensary. --See DONAGH.

CARNAGH, a parish, in the barony of BANTRY, county of WEXFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 3 miles (S. E. by S.) from New Ross; containing 319 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road from Enniscorthy, by Ballinlaw Ferry, to Waterford; and thence through New Ross to Wexford. It comprises 1842 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act: the lands are principally under tillage; an exhausted bog has been reclaimed and is now under cultivation, and there is no waste land. The system of agriculture is progressively improving, and the industry and comfort of the farmers and the peasantry are evident from the external appearance of their dwellings. There are some quarries of building stone, which, although of inferior quality, is still used for that purpose in the neighbourhood. Carnagh, the family seat of H. Lambert, Esq., is situated in a pleasant demesne. At Ballinabooley is a constabulary police station. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, and is part of the union of St. Mary, New Ross: the tithes amount to £80. The church is in ruins. In the R. C. divisions the parish, with the exception of the townland of Ballymacar, is the head of a union or district called Cushinstown, comprising the parishes of Carnagh, Ballyane, Tallerath, and Old Ross; the chapel is at Cushinstown. Two school-rooms, with apartments for a master and mistress, are about to be erected by the Lambert family. Near Ballinabooley is a rath, underneath which was discovered a subterraneous apartment, approached by a passage of upright flag-stones, and capable of receiving from 20 to 25 persons; it is supposed to have been constructed by the Danes, for the concealment of plunder in cases of emergency. The streams in various parts of the parish are of a chalybeate nature, but the water is seldom used medicinally.

CARNALLOWAY, or CARNALWAY, a parish, in the barony of SOUTH NAAS, county of KILDARE, and province of LEINSTER, 4 1/2 miles (S. by W.) from Naas; containing 1291 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south by the river Liffey, which separates it from the parish of Old Kilcullen, and is on the turnpike road from Naas to Dunlavin. During the disturbances of 1798, a battle was fought at Nineteen-mile-House, in this parish, between a party of the insurgents and a detachment of cavalry. The parish comprises 3408 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act: the lands are chiefly under tillage; the soil is good, and the system of agriculture much improved; there is no waste land, but a large quantity of bog. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare, and in the patronage of the Bishop and of Robert La Touche, Esq.; the former having one, and the latter three turns: the tithes amount to £226. 3. 1. The church, a very neat edifice with a tower and spire, was built by the late John La Touche, Esq., and contains a tablet to the memory of Capt. Cooke, who fell while charging the insurgents at Kilcullen bridge, in 1798. The late Board of First Fruits granted £100, in 1810, towards the erection of a glebe-house, attached to which are 10 acres of glebe. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Newbridge. There is a parochial school, built by the late John La Touche, Esq., and supported by R. La Touche, Esq., affording instruction to about 80 children; and a school, in which are about 50 boys and 40 girls, is aided by an annual donation from the R. C. clergyman. There are also a private school, in which are about 10 boys and 10 girls, and a Sunday school. In that part of Kilcullen which is in this parish are a fever hospital and a dispensary.

CARNCASTLE, or CASTLE-CAIRN, a parish, in the barony of UPPER GLENARM, county of ANTRIM, and province of ULSTER, 3 miles (N. W. by N.) from Larne; containing 2167 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the shore of the North channel, which forms its eastern boundary, and upon the road from Larne to Glenarm, and the royal military road from Belfast to the Giant's Causeway; it contains, according to the Ordnance survey, 9725 statute acres, and is in an excellent state of cultivation. The soil is very fertile, producing excellent crops: there are only 15 acre's of bog. Basalt is quarried for building and repairing the roads; limestone is abundant, and coal is known to exist in great quantities. At Ballygally is a coast-guard station, which is one of eight that are included in the district of Carrickfergus. About five miles from the coast are the Hulin or Maiden rocks, two of which are always visible above water. On these lighthouses have been built by the corporation for the improvement of the port of Dublin, which are called the North and South Maiden Rock Lights, and are 1920 feet apart. The northern light is 84 feet above high water level, and the southern, 94 feet; both are fixed and bright lights.

The living is a rectory and perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Connor, of which the rectory was united, by charter of the 7th of Jas. I., to the rectories of Kilwaughter, Ballycor, Rashee, and Derrykeighan, together constituting the corps of the prebend of Carncastle in the cathedral church of St. Saviour, Connor, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the perpetual curacy is in the gift of the rector. The tithes of the parish amount to £174. 4. 6., and the gross value of the tithes and glebe of the union is £751. 5. 4. per annum, of which £55 is paid by the prebendary to the perpetual curate, whose stipend is augmented to £96 per ann. out of Primate Boulter's fund. The church, a small plain edifice with a lofty spire, was built on the site of a former church, by aid of a loan of £350, granted in 1815 by the late Board of First Fruits; and a house was purchased for a glebe-house with a gift of £450, and a loan of £50, from the same Board: the glebe comprises five acres. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Larne and Carrickfergus; the chapel is a small building. There are two places of worship for Presbyterians, one connected with the Synod of Ulster, of the third class; the other connected with the Remonstrant Synod, of the second class. Near the church is the parochial school, endowed with £3 per annum by the late Mr. Wilson; a school of 43 boys and 9 girls is in connection with the National Board; and there are a private school of 12 boys and 25 girls, and two Sunday schools. On an insulated rock in the sea are the remains of Ballygally or Cairn castle, from which the parish takes its name. There are also some remains of the ancient manor-house, built in 1625, in the Elizabethan style; and of an old church. In the parish are a curious perforation in a mass of basalt, called the Black Cave, and a very pure vein of feldspar, capable of being worked to advantage.

CARNE, or CARNA, a parish, in the barony of EAST OPHALY, county of KILDARE, and province of LEINSTER, 4 miles (S. E.) from Kildare; containing 550 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Athy to Newbridge, and is in the diocese of Kildare. The rectory is appropriate to the dean and chapter of Kildare, who possess 178 statute acres of land in the parish; and the vicarage forms the corps of the precentorship of that cathedral, in the patronage of the Bishop, but is at present sequestrated in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The tithes amount to £90, of which £81. 9. 6. are payable to the dean and chapter, and £8. 10. 6. to the precentor. There is no church or glebe-house, but a glebe of ten acres. In the R. C. divisions this parish is the head of a union or district called Sancroft, comprising the parishes of Carne, Ballysonan, Killrush, and Ballysax; the chapel at Sancroft is a large building, and there is a national school there in which about 40 boys and 30 girls are educated.

CARNE, a parish, in the barony of FORTH, county of WEXFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 2 1/2 miles (S. E. by S.) from Broadway; containing 828 inhabitants. This place, of which the present name in the Irish language signifies a stone, was anciently called Salanga, afterwards Slieve Domangaird, and in the time of Ptolemy, Hieron, or "the Sacred Promontory." According to Archdall, St. Domangart founded a monastery here at the foot of the mountain, but no traces of it can be discerned: near the spot, however, is a burial-ground with the ruins of a chapel, called St. Vaugh's, the rude architecture of which denotes its remote origin. The parish is situated on the shore of St. George's channel, and terminates in Carnsore Point, the south-eastern extremity of Ireland, in lat. 52° 10' (N.) and lon. 6° 16' 45" (W.); it is bounded on the south and east by the sea, and on the west by the lough of Lady's Island, and comprises 1739 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, nearly the whole of which is arable and pasture. With the exception of a small eminence called the hill of Chour, at the south-west point, the surface is flat, and being destitute of timber has a very naked aspect: the soil, though naturally poor, is, from the extensive use of sea-weed and marl as manure, rendered very productive. Little improvement has taken place in the system of agriculture, except the practice of drilling potatoes, which has been lately introduced; the arable lands in many parts are so interspersed with large stones as greatly to obstruct the progress of the plough. Beans, which form one of the principal crops, find a ready market at Wexford for exportation. The farm buildings are neat, and the dwellings of the peasantry have an appearance of cleanliness and comfort. The principal articles of fuel are furze and bean-stalks; some sea coal is brought from Wexford. The road from Carnsore Point to that town divides the parish into two nearly equal parts. Castletown, situated in the centre of the parish, about a quarter of a mile to the west of the main road, was formerly the ancient mansion of the Pallisers. Castle Palliser was erected by the late Capt. Pierce Harvey, and is now in the occupation of Sir Hugh Palliser, Bart. On the beach is Carna House, the seat of J. Howlin, Esq. Some coarse linen and linsey woolsey are manufactured for home consumption; and during the season about twelve boats are employed in the herring and lobster fisheries carried on off the coast, on which are two small but convenient creeks, one at Carne and the other at Nethertown. At Carne bay is a coast-guard station, which is one of the six stations comprehended within the Wexford district, and has a detachment at Tacumshane. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Bishop: the tithes amount to £280. The church is a plain edifice of great antiquity, without tower or spire, for the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently granted £114. The glebe-house, a neat substantial building with suitable out-offices, was erected in the year 1802 by the present incumbent, the Rev. R. Bevan, at an expense of £1039, of which £100 was granted by the late Board of First Fruits: the glebe comprises nine acres. In the R. C. divisions the parish is in the district of Lady's island, attached to which is a school attended by the children of this parish. On the estate of the Waddy family are the remains of the ancient castle of Cloest, built by the earliest English settlers in the reign of Hen. II., and consisting of a tower between 70 and 80 feet high in good preservation.

CARNEARNEY, a hamlet, in the parish of AHOGHILL, barony of LOWER TOOME, county of ANTRIM, and province of ULSTER, on the river Maine; containing 12 houses and 60 inhabitants.

CARNEW, a market and post-town, and a parish, partly in the baronies of SCAREWALSH and GOREY, county of WEXFORD, but chiefly in the barony of SHILLELAGH, county of WICKLOW, and province of LEINSTER, 23 miles (S. W. by S.) from Wicklow, and 47 (S. by W.) from Dublin; containing 6865 inhabitants, of which number, 826 are in the town. During the disturbances of 1798, Col. Walpole, who had been ordered to collect what forces he could and place them under the command of Gen. Loftus, then at Gorey, arrived at this place on the evening of June 2nd, with 500 men, two six-pounders, and a howitzer, which he stationed here as the best point from which to attack the insurgents, who were encamped at Ballymore Hill. On the following day, leaving two companies in the town, he marched with the remainder to Gorey, where, in conjunction with Gen. Loftus, he concerted a plan for attacking the enemy by two different routes on the following day. But unfortunately disregarding the arrangement he had made, and rashly assuming the entire command, he led his men into a defile, where a great number were slaughtered, and he was killed in the first onset. The insurgents, after spending several days in plundering the town and neighbourhood of Gorey, advanced to Carnew, which they destroyed, with the exception of a malt-house, in which the garrison had retired; and after several ineffectual attacks, in which they sustained considerable loss, pursued their march to Kilcavan Hill. Near Ballyellis, also, while a troop of the ancient Britons, under the command of Capt. Erskine, was on its march to attack the insurgents, they blocked up the way with cars, carts, &c, hemmed in the little party on all sides, and killed every one of the troop, who were all buried in the vicinity. The town is situated on the road from Gorey to Tullow and Carlow, and on the side of a mountainous eminence that overlooks a fertile valley. It consists principally of one street, containing 131 houses, and has, during the last three or four years, been greatly improved by Earl Fitzwilliam, who has, besides other buildings, erected two rows of neat houses. The air is salubrious, and there is a good supply of water, but peat is obtained only from a bog at the distance of seven miles. Two snuff and tobacco manufactories, and a small brewery, are carried on. The market is on Thursday, chiefly for potatoes, pigs, and poultry; and horse and cattle fairs, which are frequently attended by English dealers, are held by patent on the first Thursday after the 12th of Feb., May, Aug., and Nov. Four other fairs have been recently established, and are held on the 1st of April, July, and Oct., and Dec. 22nd. Petty sessions are held on alternate Saturdays, in a neat building erected by Earl Fitzwilliam, over which is the constabulary police barrack, this town being the residence of the chief constable of the Tinahely district.

The parish comprises 23,137 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, of which 15,084 are in Wicklow, and 8053 in Wexford: about one-fifteenth is waste land, and there are 500 acres of woodland; the remainder is arable and pasture. The soil is in general fertile, and the lands chiefly under tillage; and the system of agriculture has been greatly improved since the institution of the Shillelagh and Casha Farming Society at Coolattin, by the late Earl Fitzwilliam, in 1830. At Kilcavan are quarries of building stone and slate, the latter of which is sent into the counties of Carlow and Wexford. Detached granite is also worked in the parish. Besides Coolattin Park, the property of Earl Fitzwilliam, and residence of his agent, R. Chaloner, Esq., there are in the parish, or its vicinity, Tombreen, the seat of T. Swan, Esq.; Upper Bullingate, of H. Braddell, Esq.; Lower Bullingate, of W. Brad-dell, Esq.; Hillbrooke, of J. Symes, Esq.; Croney Horn, of Dr. De Rinzy; Ballyellis, of R. H. Dowse, Esq.; Umrigar, of R. Blayney, Esq.; Donishall, of R. Bookey, Esq.; Coolboy House, of J. Chamney, Esq.; Barracks, of R. Nickson Sherwood, Esq.; Kilcavan, of R. Taylor, Esq.; Buckstone, formerly occupied as barracks, but now the residence of E. Smith, Esq.; and Carnew Castle, of the Rev. H. Moore, the rector. This castle is popularly said to have been battered and unroofed by the army of Cromwell from a rock above the town, still called Cromwell's rock, on his march from Dublin to Wexford. It was newly roofed and thoroughly repaired, about 20 years since, by the late Earl Fitzwilliam. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Bishop: the tithes amount to £830. 15. 4 1/2. In 1833, a portion of the parish was detached and erected into the perpetual curacy of Shillelagh, which is in the gift of the rector. The church, which was enlarged in 1813, is a handsome building with an embattled tower crowned with pinnacles and surmounted by a spire, which was added in 1831; and the Rev. C. Cope, who was 33 years rector of this parish, bequeathed £100 for the purchase of a bell. It contains three handsome marble monuments; one in memory of J. Chamney, Esq., Captain of the Coolattin Yeomanry Infantry (who, with his nephew, an officer in that corps, was killed in the insurrection of 1798, in an action at Ballyrahine, in the adjoining parish of Mullinacuff), was erected by the late Earl Fitzwilliam; the second to the memory of W. Wainwright, Esq., J. P., and for above 30 years agent and sole manager of his lordship's estates in the counties of Wicklow, Wexford, and Kildare; and the third in memory of T. Bookey, Esq., of Mount Garnet, in the county of Kilkenny. The body of the church has been condemned by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and is about to be rebuilt. There is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the R. C. divisions that part of the parish which is in Wicklow is included in the union or district of Carnew and Crosspatrick, also called Tomacork, where the chapel is situated; and that part which is in Wexford is in the union or district of Kilrush, and has a chapel at Askeymore. There is a place of worship in the town for Wesleyan Methodists. A parochial library has been established; and there are schools at Montabower, Askeymore, and Carnew, principally supported by Earl Fitzwilliam, in which are educated about 460 Protestant and Roman Catholic children; also a school connected with Tomacork chapel, and two hedge schools. A dispensary is supported in the customary manner; there is an association for employing the poor in spinning and weaving, superintended by the ladies of the town and neighbourhood; and a loan fund was established in 1834. This last institution is conducted by a committee of gentlemen, and has been highly beneficial; the loans have been returned without the loss of a single penny, although, in Dec. 1836, they amounted to about £200 weekly, which is repaid by weekly instalments of one shilling per pound; a fourth part of the profits of this admirable institution (which are considerable) is applied to charitable purposes. On the townland of Umrigar are five raths or moats, in one of which, a few years since, an urn of coarse pottery containing bones and ashes was discovered. Francis Sandford, a celebrated writer on heraldry, was bom here in 1630. --See SHILLELAGH.

CARNEY, a village, in the parish of DRUM CLIFF, barony of LOWER CARBERY, county of SLIGO, and province of CONNAUGHT, 5 miles (N. W.) from Sligo; containing 45 houses and 220 inhabitants. It is situated on the bay of Drumcliff, about half a mile to the left of the road from Sligo to Ballyshannon; and has a market on Thursday and fairs on May 26th and June 24th, chiefly for cattle and sheep. A constabulary police force is stationed here; and a dispensary is supported principally by Sir R. G. Booth, Bart. --See DRUMCLIFF.

CARNLOUGH, or CARNALLOCK, a maritime village, in the parish of ARDCLINIS, barony of LOWER GLENARM, county of ANTRIM, and province of ULSTER, 2 3/4 miles (N. by W.) from Glenarm; containing 213 inhabitants. This place, originally a small fishing village, is pleasantly and advantageously situated between the bays of Cushendall and Glenarm, and from the fineness of its strand is much frequented during the summer months for sea-bathing. It consists of 47 houses, and many elegant villas and sea-bathing lodges have been erected in the valley of Glencule, forming an interesting and highly ornamental feature in that secluded vale. The surrounding scenery possesses great natural beauty, and in some parts assumes a character of majestic grandeur. A very extensive deer park, forming part of the demesne of Glenarm castle, and some richly wooded tracts and thriving plantations add greatly to its beauty. The bay of Camlough is small but very commodious; and a quay for shipping, erected at an expense of £1200 by the late P. Gibbons, Esq., will contribute greatly to promote the prosperity of the place. --See ARDCLINIS.

CARNMONEY, a parish, in the barony of LOWER BELFAST, county of ANTRIM, and province of ULSTER, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Belfast; containing 5423 inhabitants. This place was anciently called Coole, and according to tradition there was a town of that name of considerable extent near the present church, on the decay of which the parish took its modern name from an adjoining hill with a large cairn on its summit. It is situated on Carrickfergus bay, and on the road from Belfast to Londonderry; and, according to the Ordnance survey, comprises 8937 1/4 statute acres, of which about 230 are too mountainous to be cultivated, and the remainder is arable or pasture land, excepting about 70 acres of bog. The land is generally in a high state of cultivation, especially near the shore, where several gentlemen, who are practical agriculturists, till their own estates, and their improved methods are almost generally followed by the farmers. Great quantities of limestone are raised in the parish, and are shipped to Scotland and other places. The village of Whitehouse (which see) has considerable manufactures: there are a cotton and flax-spinning manufactory, and extensive works for printing cloths, which are made here exclusively for the Manchester market; and at White Abbey also is a cotton and flax-spinning manufactory. These establishments together employ about 670 persons. The scenery is embellished with several gentlemen's seats, the principal of which are Merville, the residence of J. Rowan, Esq.; Macedon, of J. Cunningham, Esq.; White Abbey, of -- Getty, Esq.; Claremont, of Mrs. Clewlow; Abbey Lands, of H. McCalmont, Esq.; Whitehouse, of -- Shaw, Esq.; and the glebe-house, of the Rev. S. Smythe, the vicar.

The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Connor, united, it is supposed in 1614, to the vicarage of Ballylinney and the rectory of Ballymartin, together constituting the union of Carmoney, in the patronage of the Marquess of Donegal, in whom the rectory is impropriate. The vicarial tithes amount to £210; and according to the report of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, the gross value of the union, including tithes and glebe, is £575 per annum. The rectorial tithes were placed under composition in 1835. The church, a modern and spacious edifice in good repair, is built on an eminence near the site of a former church, and is intended for the three parishes of the union. The glebe-house is a handsome building, erected by aid of a gift of £300 and a loan of £500 from the late Board of First Fruits, in 1814: the glebe comprises SO statute acres, valued at £115 per annum. In the R. C. divisions the parish forms part of the union or district of Belfast. There are two meeting-houses for Presbyterians in connection with the Synod of Ulster, of the first and second classes: charitable bequests to the amount of £260 have been left, the interest of which is divided annually among poor Presbyterians. There are also places of worship for Covenanters, or members of the Reformed Synod, and Independents. Near the church is the parochial school, principally supported by the vicar. A very large school-house was built at Whitehouse by the Messrs. Grimshaw, and the school is now in connection with the National Board; one has also been built and is supported by the proprietors of the White Abbey cotton works; the Presbyterians have built and support a school at Ballyduff; and there is also a school at Ballycraigy, built and supported by Francis Turnley, Esq. About 400 children receive education in these schools, and about 200 more in private schools. About a mile north from the church, near the shore, are the picturesque ruins of a large religious house, called White Abbey, from which the townland takes its name, and which was probably the original establishment that was removed to Wood-burn: the principal remains are an elegant chapel, in the later Norman or early English style. On the verge of the parish, near Carrickfergus, are the remains of another religious house, called Monkstown, adjoining which is an ancient cemetery, where, according to tradition, Fergus, King of Scotland, who was shipwrecked in the adjacent bay, was interred.

CARRENTEEL, a parish, in the barony of DUNGANNON, county of TYRONE, and province of ULSTER; containing, with the post-town of Aughnacloy, 7459 inhabitants. This place formed part of the manor of Portclare, a very extensive district granted to Sir Thomas Ridgeway, in 1611, by Jas. I., by whose order a fortress called Lismore Bawn was erected here in 1619, of which there are extensive ruins. During the war in 1641, this parish was visited by the contending parties and the church was destroyed; some vestiges of it may still be traced in the ancient cemetery adjoining the village. The parish is situated on the river Blackwater, and on the mail coach road from Dublin to Londonderry including twelve townlands forming part of the district parish of Ballygawley, it comprises, according to the Ordnance survey, 13,431 3/4 statute acres, of which 13,080 acres are applotted under the tithe act, and 61 are water; the land is chiefly under an excellent system of cultivation, and produces good crops. The northern side of the parish is mountainous, and contains a tract of bog; and there are extensive quarries of limestone and freestone of very good quality. The seats are Storm Hill, that of R. Montgomery Moore, Esq.; the Bawn, of E. Moore, Esq.; Millview, of S. Simpson, Esq.; and the glebe-house, the residence of the Rev. Archdeacon Stopford. The inhabitants, in addition to their agricultural pursuits, employ themselves at home in weaving linen and cotton. Fairs are held in the village on the first Wednesday in every month, chiefly for cattle and horses. By order of council under the provisions of an act of the 7th and 8th of Geo. IV., twelve townlands were separated from this parish, in 1830, to form part of the district parish of Ballygawley. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh, united by charter in 1637 to the rectory and vicarage of Aghaloo, together constituting the union of Carrenteel and corps of the archdeaconry of Armagh, in the patronage of the Lord-Primate. The tithes amount to £406. 3. 1., and of the union to £1015. 7. 8. It is recommended by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners to dissolve this union on the next avoidance, and to make each parish a separate benefice. After the destruction of the church of Carrenteel, in 1641, a church was erected at Aghaloo, but it was taken down after the erection of the present church at Aughnacloy, which was built in 1736, at the sole expense of the late Acheson Moore, Esq., to which, in 1796, his daughter and heiress, Mrs. Malone, added a tower surmounted by a lofty octagonal spire; and to the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently granted £190. 18. The glebe-house, about half a mile from the church, was erected in 1790, and £2000 has been expended on its repair and improvement; the glebe comprises 1046 statute acres, valued at £969 per annum. The R. C. parish is coextensive with that of the Established Church, and is called Aughby; there are chapels at Aughnacloy, Caledon, and Killin. There are two meeting-houses for Presbyterians, one in connection with the Synod of Ulster, of the second class, and the other with the Seceding Synod; and places of worship for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. The parochial male and female school is wholly supported by Archdeacon Stopford, and there are four other schools; in these about 240 boys and 150 girls are instructed, and there are also a private school of 60 boys and 20 girls, and five Sunday schools. At Garvey are the ruins of an extensive and elegant castle, erected by the late Col. Moore, which, very soon after its completion, was suffered to fall into decay; they are situated near those of Lismore Bawn. In this townland, which is about a mile from Aughnacloy, is a very valuable mineral spring; the water contains sulphur, nitre, magnesia, and steel held in solution with carbonic acid; it has been found efficacious in cutaneous diseases and in dyspeptic complaints; a large room has been erected over the spring, and the water issues from a fountain of marble in the centre. Near it is a good house for the accommodation of persons frequenting the spa. --See AUGHNACLOY.

CARRICK, a parish, in the barony of CARBERY, county of KILDARE, and province of LEINSTER, 2 1/2 miles (N.) from Edenderry; containing 604 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road from Edenderry to Kinnegad, and on the banks of the river Boyne; the land is in a good state of cultivation, and the system of husbandry greatly improved; there is a considerable tract of bog. There are some excellent limestone quarries, and at Ballindolan is a quarry of black flag-stone. The seats are Rahan, that of the Rev. C. Palmer; Ballindolan, of Humphrey Borr, Esq.; and Grange Castle, of -- Tyrrell, Esq. A fair is held at Russel Wood on the 28th of August. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare, and is part of the union of Carbery; the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Downshire. The tithes amount to £149. 16. l 1/2 In the R. C. divisions the parish forms part of the union or district of Cadamstown. A male and female parochial school at Rahan, in which are 30 boys and 30 girls, is supported by the vicar, aided by subscriptions. There are some remains of the old castle of Carrig, the residence of the Bermingham family, and of the old church, their burial-place; and also the ruins of Kinnefad, another residence of that family.

CARRICK, or CARRICKBAGGOT, a parish, in the barony of FERRARD, county of LOUTH, and province of LEINSTER, 2 1/2miles (S. S. E.) from Dunleer; containing 340 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the coast road from Drogheda to Dundalk, contains 826 1/4 statute acres, chiefly arable land, and includes part of the demesne of Rokeby Hall. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, and is part of the union of Rathdrummin: the tithes amount to £57. 8. 6. In the R. C. divisions it forms part of the union or district of Clogher. There are some remains of the old church.

CARRICK, a parish, in the barony of FARTULLAGH, county of WESTMEATH, and province of LEINSTER, 5 1/4 miles (S. by W.) from Mullingar; containing 576 inhabitants. This parish is situated upon Lough Ennel, by which it is bounded on the north and west, and contains 2115 statute acres, principally under tillage, with very little bog: there is a considerable and sudden elevation of the land above the lough. The seats are Carrick, the residence of W. Fetherston H., Esq.; and Robinstown, of W. D'Arcy Irwin, Esq. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and is part of the union of Moylisker: the tithes amount to £76. In the R. C. divisions, part of the parish is in the union or district of Fartullagh, and the remainder in that of Mullingar. There is a hedge school, in which about 30 children are taught. Numerous raths are scattered over the parish; near Carrick are the remains of an old church, and near Robinstown those of an old castle.

CARRICK, or CARRIG, a parish, in the barony of BARGY, county of WEXFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 6 miles (S. S. W.) from Taghmon; containing 707 inhabitants. This place, which is situated near the southern coast, is also called St. Imock's, and by the country people Shamogues. It is only known as a parish in the civil divisions, having been long since ecclesiastically incorporated with the parish of Bannow, in the diocese of Ferns, and both united to the parish of Kilcavan.

The village of Danescastle, from its proximity to the coast, is much frequented during the summer season for sea-bathing; and a car running through Taghmon to Wexford leaves this place three mornings in the week and returns in the afternoon. The parish comprises 2997 statute acres, as assessed to the county rate; the land is chiefly under tillage; and the system of agriculture has been greatly improved within the last few years. Limestone brought from Slade up the bay of Bannow is the principal manure. At Barrystown are vestiges of ancient lead mines, the ore of which is said to have contained a very large proportion of silver, whence probably they have been traditionally called silver mines. In the R. C. divisions this place forms part of the union or district of Ballymitty; the chapel, a neat edifice, is at Danescastle; and in the chapel-yard is a comfortable residence for the R. C. clergyman, adjoining which is a national school. At a short distance from the village of Danescastle is a lofty square tower, the erection of which is attributed to the earliest of the Norman settlers; it has much of the gloomy character of that period.

CARRICK-A-REDE. --See BALLINTOY.

CARRICK-BEG, a suburb to the town of Carrick-on-Suir (formerly an incorporated town), in the parish of KILMOLERAN, barony of UPPERTHIRD, county of WATERFORD, and province of MUNSTER; containing 2704 inhabitants. This place, of which the name signifies Little Carrick, was formerly called Carrick-mac-Griffin; it is situated on the south side of the river Suir, over which is an ancient stone bridge connecting it with Carrick-on-Suir. From a grant of restoration of murage and pontage to the provost and commonalty of the Town of Carrick-mac-Griffin, made in the 18th of Edw. III., dated 12th July 1344, it would appear to have been a borough. A friary for Conventual Franciscans, dedicated to St. Michael, was founded here in the year 1336, by James Butler, Earl of Ormonde, to whose great grandfather, Theobald, the lands of Carrick-mac-Griffin had been granted. The first warden was John Clyn, a Franciscan friar of Kilkenny; he wrote short annals from the birth of Christ to the year 1315, and from that year continued them more copiously and carefully to the year 1349, when he died of, the plague. This establishment flourished till the dissolution, when it was granted with all its possessions to the Earl of Ormonde. Of the ancient buildings, the tower of the church is almost the only remaining portion; it is square and nearly perfect, projecting considerably beyond the foundation on which it rests, and is based on a single stone, from which it rises in the form of a truncated pyramid inverted; a fine flight of spiral steps in the wall leads to the summit. The monastery, which was a large and very irregular structure, has been taken down; and a modern chapel, now the parish chapel, has been erected on the site; the principal entrance is under an arch of very elegant design, which had been preserved from the ruins of the ancient building. A Franciscan friary was erected near the site of the former in 1822, by the Rev. Michael Fleming, now R. C. Bishop of Newfoundland: the friary chapel is in the later English style, faced with hewn stone; the principal entrance is of handsome design; above it is a well-sculptured figure of a saint, and at the opposite extremity, a tower erected in imitation of that of the old abbey; the ceilings of both chapels are richly and delicately groined. The woollen manufacture was formerly carried on here very extensively, affording employment to a great number of the population; but within the last 30 years it has gradually been falling to decay. Fairs are held on Jan. 26th, Feb. 26th, March 25th, April 28th, June 15th, July 15th, Sept. 27th, Nov. 7th, and Dec. 5th. A constabulary police force is stationed here.

CARRICKBOY, a hamlet, in the parish of KILGLASS, barony of ABBEYSHRUEL, county of LONGFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 5 miles (S.) from Edgeworthstown: the population is returned with the parish. This place is situated on the road from Edgeworthstown to Ballymahon; it contains Richmont, the seat of J. Huggins, Esq., M. D., and is a constabulary police station.

/td>

CARRICKFERGUS, a sea-port, borough, market-and post-town, and parish, and a county of itself, locally in the county of ANTRIM, of which it was the ancient capital and is still the county town, 88 miles (N.) from Dublin; containing 8706 inhabitants. This place, which is of great antiquity, is by some writers identified with the ancient Dun-Sobarky or Dun-Sobairchia, according to Dr. Charles O'Conor from a prince named Sobairchius, who made it his residence; but the correctness of this supposition is doubted by others. It is thought to have derived its present name, signifying. " The Rock of Fergus, " early in the 4th century, from Fergus Mac Erch, a chieftain of Dalaradia, who established the first Irish settlement on the opposite coast of Caledonia. An ancient triad quoted by Dr. O'Conor records that St. Patrick blessed a tower or strong hold of the Dalaradians, in which was a well of miraculous efficacy, called Tipra Phadruic, " The well of St. Patrick. " It is uncertain at what period the castle was originally erected; the present structure, from the style of its architecture, was evidently built soon after the arrival of the English. John, Earl of Morton and Lord of Ireland, was here in the lifetime of his father, Hen. II. (from whom John De Courcy received the grant of all the lands he might conquer in Ulster); and his despatch to the king, dated at Carrickfergus, in which he mentions his having taken the castle, is still extant among the MSS. in the library of Trinity College, Dublin, and is written in Latin. This castle, with subsequent additions, is still remaining, and is justly considered one of the noblest fortresses of that time now existing in Ireland. De Courcy having fallen into disgrace with the succeeding English monarchs, his castles and possessions in this county fell into the hands of the De Lacy family, who, becoming tyrannical and oppressive, incurred the anger of King John. During the contentions which arose among the English settlers, after they had established themselves in the country, this place suffered so much that Hugh de Lacy the younger, who, on the restoration of his family to the royal favour, repaired the town and strengthened it by the introduction of new settlers, has even been regarded as its founder.

In 1234 Carrickfergus is mentioned as one of the haven towns of Ulster; but from that period till shortly after the commencement of the 14th century, little of its history is known. The De Lacys, again becoming obnoxious to the English monarch, and the Lord-Justice Mortimer being sent against them with a considerable force, they made their escape into Scotland, and invited Edward Bruce, the brother of the Scottish monarch, to invade the country, and become their king. Accordingly, in 1315, Bruce embarked 6000 men at Ayr, and, accompanied by the De Lacys and several of the Scottish nobility, landed at Wolderfirth, now Olderfleet, where, being joined by numbers of the Irish chieftains, he routed Richard de Burgo, now Earl of Ulster, who had been sent against him; and having slain several of the English nobles and taken many of them prisoners, advanced to lay siege to the castle of this place. During the siege, Thomas, Lord Mandeville, who commanded the garrison, made a sally on the assailants, whom he repulsed at the first onset; but, being recognised by the richness of his armour, he was felled to the ground by the blow of a battle-axe and instantly killed. The garrison, disheartened by the loss of their commander, agreed to surrender the castle within a limited time, and on the appointed day, 30 of the Scottish forces advancing to take possession, were seized as prisoners, the garrison declaring that they would defend the place to the last; but for want of provisions they were soon obliged to surrender. Bruce, having secured Carrickfergus, advanced to Dublin, and arrived at Castleknock, within four miles of the city; but finding the citizens prepared for his reception, he entered the county of Kildare, and advanced towards Limerick, laying waste the country with fire and sword; on his retreating towards the north, he was attacked near Dundalk by Sir John Bermingham, who defeated the Scottish forces and killed their leader. King Robert Bruce arrived soon after with a strong reinforcement, but on learning the fate of his brother, returned to his own dominions, and thus terminated an enterprise which had thrown the country into a state of unprecedented desolation.

After the evacuation of the country by the Scots, Carrickfergus again reverted to its former possessors; but the desultory warfare carried on at intervals for successive ages "in the north of Ireland, during which its strength and situation rendered it the centre of operations, subjected it to many severe calamities. In 1333, William, Earl of Ulster, was assassinated here by his own servants; and his countess, with her infant daughter, fleeing into England, the O'Nials, the original lords of the soil, immediately succeeded in expelling the English settlers, and for a time retained possession of the place. In 1386 the town was burned by the Scots; and in 1400 it was again destroyed by the combined forces of the Scots and Irish. In 1481 a commission was granted to the mayor and others, to enter into a league with the Earl of Ross, Lord of the Isles, who had usurped the sovereignty of the Hebrides from the Scottish crown. In 1497 the town and neighbourhood were visited by famine; and in 1504 it was resolved that none but an Englishman should be entrusted with the custody of its castle, or with that of Green Castle, in the county of Down. The town continued for many years to be a strong hold of the English, and even when the English Government was so reduced as to be scarcely able to maintain a standing army of 140 horse within the English pale, the castle still remained in their possession. In 1573 the corporation addressed a remonstrance to the Lord-Deputy Fitzwilliam, representing that one-third of the town was then in ruins; and, in the summer of the same year, it was still further desolated by fire. In this state it remained for many years, though the Earl of Essex landed here with his train, on taking possession of the government of Ulster, to which he had been appointed; and though Sir Henry Sidney, the succeeding lord-deputy, gave the English council a forcible representation of its deplorable condition, in the account of his northern expedition, two years afterwards. The particular events by which it was reduced to this state of desolation are detailed in a "Discourse of Knockfergus, " preserved among the Cottonian manuscripts in the British Museum, in which its calamities are ascribed to an early quarrel with Bryan Balloughe, chieftain of the adjoining territory of Claneboy, whose son and successor continued to harass the inhabitants till they were compelled to purchase peace by consenting to pay an annual tribute; to the repeated devastating incursions of the Scots; to the continued depredations of the O'Nials and Mac Donnels, and to various other causes. The Lord-Deputy, Sir Henry Sidney, made great efforts for the improvement and security of the town, but so greatly were the resources of the townsmen reduced that, in 1581, Lord Grey, then deputy, found it necessary to issue an express edict prohibiting them from paying to the Irish lord of the country the tribute hitherto paid to the successors of Bryan Balloughe, and called, in that document, "Breyne Balaf's Eric."

The extensive privileges enjoyed by the inhabitants of this place, and the protection afforded by new fortifications, soon caused an increase in its population and importance. On the breaking out of the war in 1641, Sir Henry Mac Neill was to have surprised the town, but was defeated by the vigilance of Col. Arthur Chichester, the governor; and it now became one of the principal places of refuge for the Protestants of the neighbouring counties. In 1642, the town and castle were, according to agreement, delivered up to General Monroe, who, having landed with 2500 Scottish auxiliaries, to carry on the war against the Irish, made this place his head-quarters till 1648, when he was taken by surprise in the castle, and sent prisoner to England by General Monk, who was, by the parliament, appointed governor in his place, and rewarded with a gratuity of £500; and in the year following, the castle, which had been surrendered to the Earl of Inchiquin, was reduced for Cromwell by Sir Charles Coote. In 1666, the garrison mutinied, seized the castle and the town, and acted with such desperate resolution that the Government, alarmed at their excesses, sent the Earl of Arran, son of the Duke of Ormonde, by sea, to reduce them; and the latter nobleman marching also against them with the few forces on whose fidelity he could rely, the mutineers, after some resistance, surrendered; 110 of them were tried by a court martial, of whom nine were executed, and the companies to which they belonged were disbanded. In the early part of 1689, an attempt was made by the Protestant inhabitants of the neighbourhood to take this fortress, which was then held by the troops of James II., but without success; in the course of the year, however, Schomberg, William's general, invested it with a large force, and the garrison, after having exhausted all their ammunition, surrendered. In 1690 William III. landed here to take the command of his army; and from this time the town was undistinguished by any historical event till the year 1760, when it was attacked by the French, under the command of Thurot. The gates were quickly closed, and though General Flobert, who led the assault, was wounded, the garrison, consisting only of one hundred men, was soon obliged to capitulate for want of ammunition. The country people, however, supported by reinforcements from the interior, rose on all sides to repel the assailants; and on the approach of an English squadron, which had been despatched on the first intelligence of the projected invasion, the French, after supplying themselves with provisions and water, hastily re-embarked, taking with them three of the principal inhabitants, who were afterwards found on board the commander's ship, when she struck to the English off the Isle of Man. In 1778, the celebrated Paul Jones appeared off the town, but did not land, contenting himself with the capture of an armed vessel that had been sent to attack him. In 1785, His present Majesty, when lieutenant on board the ship of Commodore Gower, arrived in the bay; on which occasion the Carrickfergus volunteers solicited the honour of forming a body guard for his Royal Highness, which was courteously declined.

The town is situated on the north-western shore of Carrickfergus bay, or Belfast Lough, along which it extends for nearly a mile, comprising three portions, the town within the walls, and two suburbs, called respectively the Irish and the Scottish quarters; the former situated to the west, along the road leading to Belfast; and the latter to the north-east, along the road to Larne and Island Magee, and inhabited by the descendants of a colony of fishermen from Argyle and Galloway, who took refuge here from the persecutions of 1665. The town within the walls was formerly entered by four gates, of which only the remains of the North or Spittal gate now exist; of the walls there is yet a considerable portion on the north and west sides in a very perfect state. The town contains about 800 houses, built chiefly of stone and roofed with slate; several of superior character have been built within the last forty years, during which period considerable improvements have taken place. The castle, which is in good preservation, and during the disturbances of 1798 was used as a state prison, is situated on a rock projecting boldly into the sea, by which it is surrounded on three sides at high water; this rock is 30 feet in height at its southern extremity, and declines considerably towards the land; the outer walls of the castle are adapted to the irregularities of its surface; and the entrance is defended by two semicircular towers, with a portcullis and machicolation above. In the interior are barracks for the reception of two companies of foot and a few artillerymen. The keep is a square tower 90 feet high, the lower part of which is bomb-proof, and is used as a magazine: in the third story is an apartment 40 feet long, 38 feet wide, and 26 feet high, called Fergus's dining-room. The well in this tower, anciently celebrated for its miraculous efficacy, is now nearly filled up; a quantity of old iron was taken out of it many years since, from which it may have derived its medicinal properties. The castle was formerly governed by a constable, who had very extensive powers; the present establishment consists only of a governor and a master-gunner. Musical societies formerly existed and occasional assemblies were held in the town, but the only source of public amusement at present is a sporting club. Though formerly celebrated for its trade and commerce, this place has never been distinguished for the extent of its manufactures: the linen manufacture, which was the staple, has, within the last fifty years, been superseded by that of cotton, for which there are at present two spinning factories; and many persons are engaged in weaving checks, ginghams, and other cotton goods for the manufacturers of Belfast and Glasgow. There are also two mills for spinning linen yarn, and an extensive distillery, producing annually about 90,000 gallons of whiskey, with mills, malt-kilns, and other conveniences on an improved system; the tanning of leather, which was introduced here at an early period, is still carried on to a great extent. The vicinity affords numerous advantageous sites for the establishment of manufactories: a considerable water power is supplied by the Woodburn and Sulla-tober rivers, and by the water of Lough Morne; there are 1070 feet of waterfalls, calculated at 676-horse power, of which by far the greater part is unoccupied.

The fishery in the bay constitutes the chief employment of the poorer inhabitants of the suburbs, and the boats fitted out from the two quarters differ in their construction and the mode of working them: those from the Irish quarter, of which there are about seven or eight, with four men each, are smack-rigged and work by trawling or dredging; the fish generally taken is plaice, but skate, sole, and lythe or pollock are occasionally caught, and lobsters and oysters of very large size and good flavour are also dredged. The boats from the Scottish quarter are small and without decks, of not more than two or three tons' burden, rigged with a fore and main lug sail, and are occasionally worked with oars to the number of six in winter and four in summer: in the latter season from 16 to 20 boats, carrying four or six persons each, are generally employed, and both lines and nets are used; but in the former, when lines are principally used, the number of hands is increased to nine or ten: the fish chiefly taken by these boats are cod, ling, hake, lythe, and herring; lobsters are also caught and kept in traps or baskets. The town derives also an accession of trade from its being frequented as a bathing-place during summer, and from the assizes, sessions, and parliamentary elections for the county of Antrim being held in it. From the privilege of importing merchandise at lower duties than were paid throughout the rest of the country, its commerce was formerly very extensive, and its returns were greater than those of any other port in Ireland; but this privilege was sold to the crown in 1637, and the trade was immediately transferred to Belfast, to which place even the produce of its cotton manufacture is sent for exportation. It is now a member of the port of Belfast, under which head the registry of its vessels and the duties paid at the custom-house are included. The trade consists principally of the importation of coal and the exportation of cattle and occasionally of grain.

The harbour is situated in latitude. 54° 42' 45" (N.), and longitude 5° 47' (W.), 9 1/2 miles (N. W. by W.) from the Copeland islands' lighthouse. It is formed by a pier extending from the old castle, in a western direction, to a distance of 460 feet, and within about 400 feet of low water mark at spring tides; at high water it affords only a depth of from six to nine feet, so that vessels of more than 100 tons cannot approach the quay; it is also subject to the accumulation of mud and sand. A handsome pier was erected for the use of the fishermen, in 1834, at an expense of £2600, defrayed by a grant from Government and by local subscriptions. The port is sheltered by land from the prevailing south and west winds; and though winds from the other points produce a certain degree of swell in the offing, yet, from the situation of the Copeland islands and Kilroot point, it is so protected as not to be open seaward more than 2 1/2 points of the compass. But the imperfections of the harbour greatly restrict the trade of the port: a plan and report were drawn up by Sir John Rennie for constructing a new harbour outside the present, so as to insure a depth of 15 feet at low water of spring tides, the estimate for which, including the construction of works for protecting it against the accumulation of sand, and for the requisite accommodation of the shipping, was £55,150; these improvements, from a variety of causes, would render the port one of the most thriving and convenient in the North of Ireland, and a useful auxiliary to the flourishing town of Belfast. A new road leading to Doagh, Templepatrick, and Antrim is in progress, which, when completed, will afford the means of a direct conveyance of grain from an extensive tract to this port, and open a market for the consumption of coal, groceries, and other commodities imported. The market is on Saturday; and fairs are held on May 12th and Nov. 1st. The market-house, built by subscription in 1755, is also used for the meetings of the "Assembly," or aldermen and burgesses of the corporation.

The incorporation of the town as a county of itself is ascribed by tradition to King John; the shrievalty was held jointly with that of the county of Antrim. But although it existed as a separate county long prior to the time of Elizabeth, the charter of the 11th of her reign is the earliest on record containing such incorporation. Its boundaries are described in this charter and in one of the 7th of Jas. I., with a reservation of the castle and its precincts, together with the ancient liberties and royalties appertaining to it, and of sites for a sessions-house and prison for the county of Antrim; but the latter charter excluded from the county of the town certain lands which had been granted and confirmed to the corporation by charter of the 44th of Elizabeth. The franchise now acknowledged is stated to differ from both, and to be in conformity with a riding of the franchises made by the corporation in 1785. In 1810 it was decided, on an issue tried at the assizes, that the lands of Straid and Little Ballymena, described by the charter of Elizabeth as being within the boundary, but not within that marked out by the charter of James, though still belonging to the corporation, are not within the franchise. This is probably a borough by prescription: the earliest notice of the existence of a corporation is in the record of a commission dated 1274, in which year the Scots landed on the neighbouring coast to assist the O'Neills against the English. Hen. IV., in 1402, on the petition of the mayor and three burgesses released them, for one year, from the payment of the annual rent of 100s. for the customs, to aid them in rebuilding the town, which had been burned by his enemies. Queen Elizabeth, in the 11th of her reign (1569), on a representation of the inhabitants that they had lost their letters patent in the disturbances and persecutions of rebels and enemies, by which they were deprived of the enjoyment of their franchises, granted a charter of incorporation conferring on them, besides several special immunities, all such other privileges and jurisdictions as the corporation of Drogheda possessed; and ordaining that they should hold the borough of the king, as of his castle of Knockfergus, at an annual rent of 10s., payable half-yearly, until the fortifications should be repaired and a grant of lands made, and then at a rent of £40 per annum. The grant of lands was conferred by charter of the 44th of Elizabeth, founded on an inquisition issued to ascertain the quantity which had previously belonged to the corporation. James I., in addition to the charter of the 7th of his reign, before noticed, granted others in the 10th and 20th, the former of which is now the governing charter, and the latter created fourteen persons and their successors a corporation, by the style of the " Mayor, Constables, and Society of the Merchants of the Staple. " In the "new rules" of the 25th of Chas. II., for regulating corporations in Ireland, it was ordained that the appointment of the mayor, recorder, sheriffs, and town-clerk should be subject to the approbation of the lord-lieutenant and privy council.

The corporation, under the style of "the Mayor, Sheriffs, Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Town of Carrickfergus, " consists of the mayor (who is an alderman), 16 other aldermen, two sheriffs (who are burgesses), 22 other burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen, assisted by a recorder and town-clerk (who is also clerk of the peace), two coroners, three town-serjeants, a water-bailiff, sword-bearer, and other officers. The charter of the 10th of Jas. I. granted a guild merchant within the town, and ordained that all the merchants should be a corporation, by the name of the "Two Masters and Fellows of the Guild Merchant of the Town of Knockfergus, " the masters to be elected annually from and by the merchants of the guild, on the Monday after the feast of St. Michael, with power to make by-laws and impose fines. The guilds now remaining are those of the Hammermen, Weavers, Carters, Taylors and Glovers, Butchers, Trawlers and Dredgers, Hookers, and Shoemakers or Cordwainers, incorporated at different periods; but their restrictive privileges in trade have been abandoned as impolitic or useless, and they are now kept up only in form. The mayor is elected annually from among the aldermen, at an assembly of the corporation at large, on the 24th of June, and by the charter must be sworn before the constable of the castle, or, in his absence, before the vice-constable, and in the presence of the mayor for the preceding year, on Michaelmas-day; he has power, with the assent of a majority of the aldermen, to depute one of that body to be vice-mayor in his absence. The aldermen, who may be from 8 to 16 in number, are chosen, on vacancies occurring, from the 24 burgesses by the remaining aldermen, and are removable for misbehaviour by a majority of the body. The sheriffs are eligible from the free burgesses by the mayor, sheriffs, burgesses, and commonalty, annually on the 24th of June: they are sworn on the feast of St. Michael before the mayor and burgesses, and are removable for cause. The burgesses, who are not mentioned by any of the charters as a definite class in the corporation, and were formerly unlimited in number, have been restricted to 24, and, according to practice, are elected in an assembly of the mayor, sheriffs, and remaining burgesses, neither freedom nor residence being requisite as a qualification, and are supposed, like the aldermen, to hold during good behaviour. The freemen are admissible, in courts of the whole corporation held by the mayor, by the right of birth extending to all the sons of freemen, also by marriage, apprenticeship to a freeman within the county of the town, and by gift of the corporation: among other privileges granted by charter to the freemen, of which most have been long disused, it was ordained that no person should be attached or arrested in the house of a freeman, except for treason or felony. The recorder is eligible by the mayor, sheriffs, burgesses, and commonalty, to hold his office either for life, for a term of years, or at the will of the corporation, as may be deemed expedient, but is usually elected for life: he may, with the consent of the mayor and a majority of the aldermen, appoint a deputy to execute the office. The town-clerk is eligible by the whole body, and holds his office during pleasure; and the coroners, by the charter, are eligible by the mayor, sheriffs, burgesses, and commonalty, from the inhabitants, annually on the same day with the mayor and sheriffs, or any other deemed more expedient, and are removable for cause; but in practice it is considered that they ought to be elected from the freemen, and they appear to hold office for life or good behaviour. A treasurer, who was formerly the mayor for the time being, is now appointed by the assembly, and is usually an alderman. The "assembly" is composed of the mayor, aldermen, sheriffs, and burgesses, who manage all the affairs of the corporation; they assume the power of making by-laws, and of demising the property of the corporation. The charters of Elizabeth and James confirmed to this borough the right of sending two representatives to the Irish parliament, which it continued to exercise till the Union, since which period it has returned one to the Imperial parliament. The elective franchise was vested in the mayor, aldermen, burgesses, and freemen of the town, and in the freeholders to the amount of 40s. per annum and upwards in the county of the town, amounting, in Jan., 1832, to about 850; but by the act of the 2nd of Wm. IV., cap. 88, the non-resident freemen, except within seven miles, have been disfranchised, and the privilege has been extended to the £10 householders and the £20 and £10 leaseholders for the respective terms of 14, and 20 years; by this act the 40s. freeholders retain the franchise for life only. The number of voters registered at the close of 1835 was about 1200: the sheriffs are the returning officers.

The mayor (as also his deputy or vice-mayor) is a justice of the peace within the town, and is further (without mention of the vice-mayor) constituted a justice of the peace throughout the county of the town, being empowered, with the recorder, ' to hold courts of session and gaol delivery: he is admiral of the liberties, which extend northward to Fair Head and southward to Beer-looms, about 40 miles in each direction, with the exception only of Bangor and the Pool of Garmoyle; and may issue attachments against ships and cargoes, or against persons on board, for the recovery of debts wherever contracted: he is also a magistrate for the county of Antrim, and he or his deputy is judge of the Tholsel court; he is appointed custos rotulorum of the county of the town, and is escheator, master of the assays, and clerk of the market; and the charter empowers him to grant licences for ships coming to the port, upon entering, to buy or forestall merchandise, and also for the salting of hides, fish, &c. The recorder is a justice of the peace within the county and county of the town; he is the assessor of the mayor in the Tholsel court, and he or his deputy is judge of the court leet and view of frank-pledge to be held in the town twice a year, within a month after Easter and Michaelmas. In 1828, on the petition of the inhabitants, two additional justices were appointed by the lord-lieutenant, under the powers of the act of the 7th of Geo. IV., cap. 61. The corporation has not any exclusive jurisdiction over matters arising within the borough, except that which results from its forming a county of itself: the courts are those of assize and quarter and petty sessions, also a Tholsel court, a sheriffs' or county court, a court leet with view of frankpledge, and a court of pie-poudre. The assizes for the county of the town are held at the usual periods before the mayor, with whom the other judges of assize are associated in commission; since 1817 they have been held in the county of Antrim court-house, under the act of the 28th of Geo. III., cap. 38, confirmed by several succeeding statutes. The quarter sessions are held before the mayor, recorder, and the two additional justices, in the market-house, which has been appropriated for that purpose since the building called the Tholsel was taken down: the court has jurisdiction over all felonies and minor offences committed within the county of the town, with power to inflict capital punishment, which, however, is not exercised, offences of a more serious kind being referred to the judges of assize. The Tholsel court, which is a court of record, having jurisdiction over the county of the town to an unlimited amount of pleas in personal actions, is by the charter to be held every Monday and Friday, but is now held on the former day; and is empowered to proceed by summons, attachment (which is the usual form), distringas, or any other process, on affidavit before the mayor, whose presence is only deemed necessary in the event of a trial, which seldom takes place. Petty sessions are held once a week, usually before the two additional justices. The assistant barrister for the county of Antrim holds his courts here for trying causes by civil bill; and the assizes and two of the quarter sessions for the county of Antrim are held here. The local police consists of three constables, appointed and paid by the grand jury of assize, and of twelve unpaid constables appointed at the court leet.

The charter granted one-third part of the customs' dues of the port to the corporation, who enjoyed considerable advantages under this privilege, which, in the year 1637, they surrendered to the Crown in consideration of a sum of £3000, to be paid to trustees and invested in land, but from its non-investment the town has been deprived of all benefit accruing from this grant. The charter of the 10th of Jas. I. also granted the right of fishery in the river and a ferry over it, with various fines, waifs, wrecks of the sea, forfeitures, &c., arising within their liberties, from which they derive no advantage at present. Their revenue arises exclusively from rents reserved out of their property in lands, amounting to about £359 late currency. The corporation court-house and gaol were at "Castle Worraigh" previously to 1776, in which year the county of Antrim grand jury exchanged their gaol and court-house in the vicinity of the castle of Carrickfergus for "Castle Worraigh, " on the site of which part of the present, courthouse for that county was built, and the corporation continued to use the old gaol of the county of Antrim until 1827, when prisoners under criminal charges were removed from it to the new gaol; and after the passing of an act for regulating prisons, the old Tholsel having become ruinous, a new arrangement was entered into between the respective grand juries of Carrickfergus and Antrim, by which the former pay, in lieu of all charges, "£13 for every 365 days of a prisoner confined in the county of Antrim gaol. " The court-house for the county of Antrim is a neat building, fronted with hewn stone, situated at the east end of the main street; and adjoining it, on the north side, is the gaol, which, though capable of containing 340 prisoners, is but ill adapted for their classification or for the preservation of strict discipline.

The county of the town extends about five statute miles along the shore, and its mean length and breadth are nearly equal; it contains, according to the Ordnance survey, 16,700a. 1r. 34p., including Lough Morne, which comprises 89a. 3r. 22p. The amount of Grand Jury presentments, for 1835, was £839. 5. 7 1/2., of which £186. 8. 9. was for repairing the roads, bridges, &c.; £386. 10. 3. for public establishments, charities, officers' salaries, &c.; and £266. 6. 7 1/2. for the repayment of a loan advanced by Government. Lough Morne, or More, about three miles north of the town, is said to be the largest in Ireland at the same elevation, which is 556 feet above the level of the sea; it has a powerful spring near the centre, and is well stored with eels and pike. The principal streams, all of which take a nearly direct course into the bay, are the Woodburn, which is formed by the union of two rivulets about two miles above the town (on each of which is a picturesque cascade), and supplies two large cotton mills, a flour and corn-mill, and a large mill for spinning linen yarn near the town; the Orland Water, which descends from Lough Morne, and falls into the bay at the eastern suburb of the town; the Sulla-Tober, which falls into the bay near the same place; the Copeland Water, which forms the eastern boundary of the county; the Silver Stream, which bounds it on the south-west; and the Red River: in all of these are found black and white trout, eels, and stickleback. The surface is studded with the villages of Eden or Edengrenny, Clippers-town, Woodburn, and Bonnybefore; with several hamlets, numerous gentlemen's seats scattered along the shore, and surrounded with ornamental plantations; and several farm-houses of comfortable appearance interspersed throughout. The principal gentlemen's seats are Thornfield, the residence of P. Kirk, Esq., M. P.; Oakfield, of W. D. D. Wilson, Esq.; St. Catherine's, of Col. Walsh; Glen Park, of Capt. Skinner; Barn Cottage, of J. Cowan, Esq.; Prospect, of -- Vance, Esq.; Wood-ford, of the Rev. J. Gwynn; Sea Park, of the Rev. J. Chaine; and Scout Bush, of Edw. Bruce, Esq.

The parish is co-extensive with the county of the town; the living is a rectory, in the diocese of Conner, united, by charter of the 7th of Jas. I., with the rectories of Island Magee and Ralloo, the vicarage of Inver, and the grange of Moylusk or Moblusk, which union constitutes the corps of the deanery of Connor, in the patronage of the Crown: the tithes of the parish amount to £400; and the gross annual income of the deanery, tithe and glebe inclusive, is £1004. 7. The church, dedicated to St. Nicholas, is an ancient cruciform structure, with a tower, surmounted by a lofty spire; it is said to have been erected on the site of a pagan temple, and appears to have been attached to the Franciscan monastery formerly existing here; the chancel window is embellished with a representation of the baptism of Christ, in painted glass. The north aisle was the property and burial-place of the family of Chichester; having fallen into a ruinous condition, it was parted by a wall from the rest of the church, but in 1830 was given to the parishioners by the present Marquess of Donegal, the head of that family, and is now fitted up as free sittings for the poor: it contains a large mural monument, with effigies of several of the Chichesters; and round the walls were formerly armorial bearings and trophies, of which only a few fragments are remaining. The subterraneous passage under the altar, which communicated with the ancient monastery, may still be traced. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners have lately granted £141 for the repair of this church. There is no deanery-house: the glebe lands are let for £32. 7. per annum. In the R. C. divisions the parish forms part of the union or district of Larne and Carrickfergus; the chapel, in the western suburbs, was erected in 1826. There are places of worship for Presbyterians in connection with the Synod of Ulster, of the first class (a large and handsome edifice), Wesleyan Methodists, Independents, and a small congregation of Covenanters; one for Unitarians is in course of erection.

The Diocesan free grammar school, founded here by Queen Elizabeth, was discontinued about 35 years since. A free school for boys and girls is supported by a bequest of £42 per annum by the late E. D. Wilson, Esq., arising from lands in the borough, to which the rector adds £2 annually: by the testator's will, the children are required to attend every Sunday in the Established Church. There are two public schools in the town, and others at Woodburn, Duncrew, Loughmorne, and Ballylaggin. In 1811 a Sunday school was opened in the town, which for several years was the only one, and was attended by 400 children and 30 gratuitous teachers; but it has partially declined, from the institution of other schools in the town and neighbourhood, in connection with the Established Church and the several dissenting congregations. The number of children on the books of the day schools amounts to more than 400 boys and 300 girls; and in the private pay schools are about 60 boys and 40 girls. In 1761, Henry Gill, Esq., bequeathed £10 per annum each, arising from property in the borough, "to fourteen aged men decayed in their circumstances, " and also houses and gardens to such of them as might not have residences: this sum, by an increase in the value of the property, has been augmented to £14 each, late Irish currency, or to £12. 18. 6. sterling, which is annually received by fourteen aged men of whom ten have also houses. In 1782, William Adair, Esq., of Westminster, gave £2000 three per cent, stock, in trust to the Adairs, proprietors of the Ballymena estate, the interest to be distributed among the poorer freemen, of whom nineteen received annually £3. 3. each; but at present the sums distributed to each vary in proportion to the necessities of their several families; there are also several minor charitable bequests. In 1826 a mendicity association was established, which is supported by subscription; and there are societies for the distribution of clothing among the poor, and for other benevolent purposes.

The Franciscan monastery above noticed, as connected with the parish church, was founded in 1232, and became of so much importance that, in 1282, a general chapter of the whole order was convoked here: it stood within the walls of the town, and its site is at present occupied by the gaol for the county of Antrim. Immediately to the west of the town was the Premonstratensian priory of Goodburn or Woodburn, on the western bank of that stream; it was dedicated to the Holy Cross, and its foundation is attributed to a member of the family of Bisset, which quitted Scotland about the year 1242, in consequence of the murder of the Duke of Athol. Adjoining the eastern suburb was the hospital of St. Bridget, said to have been founded for the reception of lepers; the lands adjoining the site are still called the Spital parks. To the north of the town a well, now called Bride-well, marks the site of another hospital dedicated to St. Bridget. Several silver coins, of the reign of Hen. II., have been found about the castle. There are numerous barrows or tumuli scattered over the face of the county of the town, of which some have been opened and found to contain rude urns, ashes, and human bones; the largest of these, which are chiefly sepulchral, is called Duncrue, or the " fortress of blood. " At Slieve-True is a cairn, 77 yards in circumference and 20 feet high; a little towards the west of the same mountain is another, of nearly equal dimensions; and about a mile to the north-east is a third, exactly similar. In several places are artificial caves, probably intended as places of concealment. At a place called the Friars' Rock are traces of small circular buildings, supposed to have been friars' cells; and about two miles north-west of the town are the ruins of two churches, called respectively Killyan, or Anne's Church, and Carnrawsy. The mineral springs, though not very numerous, are of various qualities: one of these, in the bed of a stream in the eastern part of the town, is a nitrous purgative water; another, about a mile to the east of it, is a fine saline spring; and the waters of another, near the western bank of Lough Morne, are sulphureous and chalybeate, and were once in great repute for their efficacy. Among the distinguished persons born here may be noticed Bishop Tennison, and Richard Kane, a general in the army of Wm. III. The women of the Scottish quarter and the county adjacent commonly retain their maiden surnames after marriage.

CARRICK-McQUIGLEY, a village, in the parish of UPPER MOVILLE, barony of ENNISHOWEN, county of DONEGAL, and province of ULSTER, 2 1/2 miles (S.) from Moville: the population is returned with the parish. It is situated near Lough Foyle, on the road from Derry to Moville. A grant of a market and four fairs was made to the inhabitants in the reign of Chas. I.; the market has long been discontinued, and the fairs are very indifferently attended. Near the village are several handsome gentlemen's seats, which are noticed more particularly in the article on Upper Moville.

CARRICKMACROSS, a market and post-town, and a parish, in the barony of FARNEY, county of MONAGHAN, and province of ULSTER, 20 miles (S. E. by S.) from Monaghan, and 40 (N. W. by N.) from Dublin; containing 12,610 inhabitants, of which number, 2970 are in the town. This place derives its name from its situation on a rock and from one of its early proprietors, and is the only town in the barony. The barony was granted by Queen Elizabeth to the Earl of Essex, who resided in the castle here, part of the walls of which are still standing in the garden of W. Daniel, Esq. It was leased by the earl to Mr. Barton, whose wife and children were burnt, with the castle, by the insurgents of 1641, while he was attending his parliamentary duties in Dublin, as representative of the county of Monaghan. The town is situated on the mail coach road from Dublin to Londonderry, and consists of one principal street, with some smaller streets or lanes branching from it; and contains about 560 houses, many of which are of respectable appearance. A considerable retail trade is carried on with the surrounding country; and soap, candles, brogues, and coarse hats, are manufactured in the town, in which there are also a tanyard, a brewery (employing 100 men), and a distillery. Distillation was carried on here to a considerable extent before the Union, for 20 years, after which it very much declined; but, in 1823, a large distillery was erected, which makes 200,000 gallons of spirits annually, consuming in the manufacture about 25,000 barrels of grain, including malt, which is made in the town. The general market is held on Thursday, and one for corn on Wednesday and Saturday: the number of pigs exposed for sale at the market, during the season, is very great; they are principally purchased by dealers from Dundalk, Newry, and Belfast, for exportation. Fairs are held on May 27th, July 10th, Sept. 27th, Nov. 9th, and Dec. 10th; those in May and December, the latter of which is for fat cattle, are the largest. The market-house stands in the centre of the main street, and was built out of the ruins of the castle. Petty sessions are held every alternate week; and here are a constabulary police station and a county bridewell on a small scale, but containing the necessary accommodation for the separation of prisoners.

The parish, which is also called Magheross, contains, according to the Ordnance survey, l6,702 1/4 statute acres, including 299 of water; 15,068 acres are applotted under the tithe act, and there is a great quantity of bog. In the vicinity of the town are several limekilns, and the land has been greatly improved by the extensive use of lime as a manure. Mr. Shirley supplies his tenants at about half the usual price from his kilns, in which about 8000 barrels were burnt in 1835. The principal lakes are Loch Mac-na-ree, Lisdronturk, Corvalley, and Chantinee Loch, only part of which is in this parish. Coal exists, but is not worked at present; but good limestone and freestone are quarried for building. Lisinisk, the seat of Adam Gibson, Esq., is in this parish, which also includes part of the demesne of Loch Fea Castle, the seat of E. J. Shirley, Esq., although the castle is in Magheracloony. The. living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Clogher, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the rectory is impropriate in Col. Willcox: the tithes amount to £969. 4. 7 1/2., of which £323. 1. 6 1/2. is payable to the impropriator, and £646. 3. 1. to the vicar. The church is a neat stone edifice with a tower and spire, having a good clock with four dials. The remains of the old church are still standing: it was built in 1682, to replace the one that was destroyed by fire in 1641. There is a glebe-house, with a glebe of 112 acres. The R. C. parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and is the benefice of the Bishop of Clogher, who resides in the town: there are three chapels, situated at Corduff mountain, Corcreagh, and Carrickmacross, the last of which is a handsome building, erected in 1783. There is also a Presbyterian meeting-house. A free grammar school was founded here by Lord Weymouth in 1711, and endowed with £70 per annum: it has been disused for some years, but the school-house is being rebuilt by the Marquess of Bath, a descendant of the founder. There are two national schools at Carrickmacross; six schools, situated at Mullaghcrogery, Cornasassinagh, Carrickmaclim, Corraghery, Corduffkelly, and Cargamore, aided by annual donations from E. J. Shirley, Esq.; a school supported by subscriptions, and two other schools, in which the pupils are taught gratuitously. About 780 boys and 670 girls are taught in these schools, and about 470 boys and 230 girls in 13 private and hedge schools; there are also three Sunday schools. A dispensary was established in 1823; here is also a mendicity society; and a savings' bank was instituted in 1831 by the Marquess of Bath and Mr. Shirley: the amount of deposits, in November, 1835, was £1503. 14. 3., belonging to 81 depositors, the number of whom is rapidly increasing.

CARRICKMINES, a village, in the parish of TULLY, half-barony of RATHDOWN, county of DUBLIN, and province of LEINSTER, 7 miles (S. S. E.) from Dublin. Fairs are held on Jan. 12th, April 14th, June 24th, and Oct. 14th; and here are the remains of an old castle.

CARRICK-on-SHANNON, a market and post-town, (formerly a parliamentary borough), partly in the parish of KILLUKEN, barony of BOYLE, county of ROSCOMMON, but chiefly in the parish of KILTOGHART, barony and county of LEITRIM, and in the province of CONNAUGHT, 27 miles (S. E. by S.) from Sligo, and 77 (W. N. W) from Dublin; containing 1870 inhabitants. This town is situated on the mail coach road from Dublin to Sligo, and on the north-eastern bank of the Shannon, over which is a bridge to a small suburb in the county of Roscommon, the tolls of which were granted, in 1684, to Sir George St. George, on condition of his keeping it in repair: the present structure, consisting of eleven arches, was built in 1718. It contains 321 houses, and is badly paved and not lighted. A small trade is carried on in coarse linen, druggets, frieze, and coarse flannel; and it is the chief market for grain and provisions in Leitrim, but is principally supplied from Roscommon. Great quantities of butter are sent to the Dublin and Newry markets, and a considerable quantity of yarn is sold. The market is on Thursday; and fairs are held on Jan. 18th, March 20th, May 12th, June 6th, Aug. 11th, Sept. 14th, Oct. 22nd, Nov. 21st, and Dec. 16th, and are the principal fairs in Leitrim for cattle. An enclosed market-place, with considerable accommodation, was erected by Mr. St. George, who is the owner in fee of the site of the town, but it is not much frequented. Great facilities for trade are afforded by the Shannon, which has lately been rendered navigable up to Lough Allen, by which this town is placed on one of the most important lines of communication in the island. A constabulary police force has been stationed here; and there are infantry barracks, which are unoccupied, although this is the only military station in the county.

This place was incorporated by Jas. I., in 1613, under the title of "The Provost, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Carrigdrumruske; " and the corporation was composed of a provost, 12 free burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen. The provost was elected on the 24th of June by the provost and burgesses, and was sworn in on the 29th of September. The free burgesses were elected by the provost and burgesses; no freemen have existed for a very long period, and the only officer appointed by the corporation was the weighmaster, who receives a compensation under the butter act, 10th of Geo. IV., c. 41. The borough sent two members to the Irish parliament, elected under the charter by the provost and free burgesses. On the abolition of its franchise, at the time of the Union, the £15,000 awarded as compensation was given to the Earl of Leitrim. No provost has been elected since 1826, and the corporation is virtually extinct. Under the charter a court of record was established, but it has not been held for many years; and there is no manor court within the borough, but a petty session is held every alternate Monday. This town being the capital of the county of Leitrim, the assizes are held here, as also the quarter sessions for the southern division of the county in January and July. The county court-house, bridewell, and gaol are situated in the town; the gaol is built in a polygonal form, having 10 wards with separate sleeping-cells for each prisoner, and a good tread-mill: the prisoners are taught reading and writing by the master and matron. The parish church of Kiltoghart, which, prior to 1698, was at a distance, was removed in that year by act of parliament into the town, and was erected on a plot of ground given by Sir George St. George, Bart.: it was rebuilt in 1829, by a loan of £2000 from the late Board of First Fruits, and is a handsome structure with a spire and a clock, which was given by C. Manners St. George, Esq.: this gentleman also presented, in 1837, a fine painting of the Nativity, by Plagemann. The R. C. chapel occupies a site given, with a plot of ground in the rear, in 1807, by Mr. St. George, who expended a considerable sum in finishing the interior, and built a gallery at his own expense. There are also places of worship for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, and parochial schools. The county infirmary situated here is a good building, erected in 1800: attached to it is a dispensary. The number of infirmary patients is about 300, and of dispensary patients about 4000, annually. A loan fund has also been established, with a capital amounting to £2000. --See KILLUKEN and KILTOGHART.

CARRICK-on-SUIR, a market and post-town, and a parish, in the barony of IFFA and OFFA EAST, county of TIPPERARY, and province of MUNSTER, 13 miles (W. N. W.) from Waterford, and 78 1/4 (S. W. by S.) from Dublin; containing 7445 inhabitants, of which number, 6922 are in the town. This place formed part of the possessions of Theobald Butler, to whom were granted also the lands of Carrig-mac-Griffin, now Carrick-Beg, and whose grandson, Edmond, founded a castle here about the year 1309. The castle was, in 1336, granted by his son, James Butler, created Earl of Ormonde in 1328, to the Franciscan friary of Carrick-Beg, which he had founded; and continued to form part of the endowment of that house till about the year 1445, when, the brethren having suffered it to fall into ruin, a re-grant of it was purchased from them by Sir Edmond Butler Mac Richard, grandson of James, third Earl of Ormonde, who rebuilt both the castle and the bridge. A priory, dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, was founded here at the end of the 12th or beginning of the 13th century, for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, by William de Cantell and Dionisia his wife, daughter of Thomas Fitz-Anthony; it was afterwards subject to the hospital of St. John de Acon, at London, and after the dissolution was granted to Thomas, Earl of Ormonde, in 1557, which grant was confirmed in 1562 by Queen Elizabeth, who also remitted the reserved rent. A castle was erected on the site of the priory by Thomas Duff, called Black Thomas, Earl of Ormonde. Here was also a nunnery for poor Clares, of which nothing more has been recorded. In 1500, the Earl granted a charter to the burgesses of the town, dated at Waterford.

The town is pleasantly situated on the north bank of the river Suir, which here forms a boundary between the counties of Tipperary and Waterford, and is connected by an ancient stone bridge with the suburb of Carrick-Beg, on the opposite side, in the county of Waterford. It consists of one long street extending in a direction from east to west, from which three smaller streets diverge on the north to the fair green, a spacious area surrounded by houses, and one on the south side to the river: the total number of houses, in 1831, was 1292. There are cavalry barracks for 8 officers and 148 non-commissioned officers and privates, with stabling for 52 horses; but they are now occupied by infantry. In 1670, the great Duke of Ormonde established the woollen manufacture here, which flourished till towards the close of the last century, but has since declined: at present there is only a very limited trade in ratteens of superior quality, which are made in the town and vicinity. There are some tanneries and breweries; but the chief trade is the sale of agricultural produce and of provisions, which are sent to Waterford for exportation, and to Clonmel for the supply of that town and neighbourhood. The trade in corn and butter, the produce of the surrounding district, is stated in a petition to parliament, presented by the inhabitants in 1832, and praying for the privilege of sending a representative to the Imperial parliament, to amount at that time to £240,000, and previously to have exceeded £360,000 per annum. The river is not navigable for vessels of considerable burden farther than Fiddown, a few miles below the town, whence lighters are used for conveying the produce. The rail-road from Waterford to Limerick, if completed, will pass through the town. The market is on Saturday; and fairs are held on the first Thursday in every month for cattle and pigs. A constabulary police force is stationed in the town; and petty sessions are held here every alternate week: the manor court formerly held in the castle is discontinued.

The parish, which is exempt from county rates by grant of Wm. III., comprises about 1600 statute acres, which, with the exception of about 32 acres of common, called Carrick green, where the fairs are held, are chiefly arable. The surrounding country is peculiarly beautiful, being part of the district or plain which, for its singular fertility, is called the "Golden Vale," throughout enlivened by the river Suir, the banks of which are embellished with the richest variety of scenery. The chief seats within the parish are Tinvane, the handsome residence of H. W. Briscoe, Esq.; the Cottage, of W. O'Donnell, Esq.; Deerpark Lodge, of -- Haliday, Esq.; and Mount Richard, of J. Power, Esq.: and within a range of three or four miles are Curraghmore, the seat of the Marquess of Waterford; Besborough, of the Earl of Besborough; Coolnamuck, of Charles W. Wall, Esq.; and Castletown, of R. Cox, Esq. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, and in the patronage of the Marquess of Ormonde; the rectory is impropriate in W. H. Bradshaw, Esq. The tithes amount to £193. 16. 11., of which £129. 4. 7 1/2. is payable to the impropriator, and £64. 12. 3 1/2. to the vicar. The church is in ruins. The glebe-house was built by aid of a gift of £400 and a loan of £270 from the late Board of First Fruits: the glebe contains 3r. 3p. In the R. C. divisions the parish is the head of a union or district, comprising the parishes of St. Nicholas in Carrick-on-Suir, and Newtownlenan, in each of which there is a chapel. The chapel of this parish is a spacious and handsome building; the interior is well arranged, and the altar is embellished with a painting of the Crucifixion by a native artist. There are a monastery of the order of the Christian Brotherhood, and a convent of sisters of the order of the Presentation; to the former is attached a school of 250 boys and to the latter a school of 500 girls, aided by subscription; there are also seven private schools, in which are about 200 boys and 100 girls. Here are a fever hospital and a dispensary. A poor-house for destitute persons of the R. C. religion is supported with a bequest of £2000 by Thomas and Richard Wadden, augmented with £30 per annum by James Sause, Esq., and a bequest of £400 by Mr. Kennedy: a few acres of land have also been bequeathed to it. A rent-charge of £10 was bequeathed to the Protestant poor by Mrs. Cook, about a century since. The castle is still a stately building, though much of it is in ruins; it was for many years the residence of the Ormonde family, and part of it has been converted into a private residence. There are some small remains of the ancient town walls. Carrick gives the title of Earl to a branch of the Butler family.

CARRIG, or CARRIGLEAMLEARY, a parish, in the barony of FERMOY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 2 1/4 miles (N. E.) from Mallow; containing 1133 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the north bank of the river Blackwater, and on the north road from Mallow to Fermoy; it comprises 3238 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £3462 per annum. The land is good and mostly under an improved system of tillage, with the exception of Mount Nagle, which affords good pasturage; there is no bog. Limestone abounds, and is quarried for agricultural and other uses. Carrig Park, the seat of W. H. Franks, Esq., is beautifully situated on the banks of the Blackwater, which are here richly wooded: the ruins of Carrig castle, on the summit of a rock overhanging the river, form an interesting and picturesque object as seen from the opposite bank; and the whole demesne, in which are the vestiges of an ancient burial-ground, abounds with richly varied scenery. This parish was formerly united to that of Rahan, and on its separation about 30 years since, part of it was added to Rahan, to make the divisions more equal. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the rectory is appropriate to the vicars choral of the cathedral of Christ Church, Dublin. The tithes amount to £270, and are equally divided between the vicars choral and the vicar. A neat small church, in the later English style, but without a tower, is now in progress of erection on the site of the old parish church, part of the walls of which will be incorporated in the new building; the estimated expense is £222. 10., towards defraying which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have granted £192. 10. 8. Divine service is in the mean time performed in a private house. There is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Killavullane or Kealavullen, at which place, and also at Annakissy, is a chapel. There are two private schools, in which about 50 children are educated.

CARRIGAHOLT, a small port and village, in the parish and barony of MOYARTA, county of CLARE, and province of MUNSTER, 11 3/4 miles (W.) from Kilrush: the population is returned with the parish. It is situated on the harbour and road-stead of the same name, within the estuary of the river Shannon. The castle, now in ruins, was formerly the fortified residence of the Mac Mahons, the chiefs of that part of this country which forms the peninsula called the "Western Corkavaskin," still denominated "the west." The last siege to which it was exposed was in 1649, when it was taken by Gen. Ludlow, and Teigue Keigh was the last of the Mac Mahons to whom it belonged. On his attainder it passed by grant from Queen Elizabeth to Henry O'Brien, brother to the Earl of Thomond, whose unfortunate grandson, Lord Clare, resided in it when he raised a regiment of horse, called the "Yellow Dragoons," which in 1689 was the flower of King James's army. The town now belongs to Lady Burton, whose ancestor was an officer in the army of King William. The ruins of the castle occupy a bold situation on the verge of a cliff overhanging the sea, enclosed by a court-yard and high walls on one side, and by rocks and the bay on the other. A small quay or pier was constructed partly by the late Fishery Board and partly by grand jury presentments: it is of considerable service to agriculture and the fisheries, and is frequented by six hookers, of seven tons each, and upwards of 500 corrachs, which give employment to about 400 persons, particularly in the herring fishery, which commences in July. This is the principal place in the neighbourhood for the shipment of agricultural produce; 900 tons of grain, 700 firkins of butter, and 3000 pigs, having lately been shipped here in one year, by three individuals: it also exports hides to Limerick. The bay of Carrigaholt lies opposite that part of the Kerry shore, within the mouth of the Shannon, which is called the Bale bar. It has good and secure anchorage with the wind to the northward of west, but being entirely exposed to the ocean swell, the sea, which sets in with southerly or westerly winds, renders it unsafe to lie there. The inner harbour, however, is better protected from those winds, but is shallow, having no more than 2 1/2 or 3 fathoms of water within the line from Carrigaholt Castle to the opposite side of the bay. Capt. Manby, who was employed by the Irish Government to survey the Shannon, recommended that a small pier should be extended from the spot called Lord Clare's pier, (which was formed in 1608 but has gone to decay,) at nearly a right angle to the shore, sufficiently to afford shelter to the one that already exists, and that this should be carried out farther, so as to permit boats to sail from it till almost low water. The roads in the immediate vicinity of the village are in bad condition, and must be repaired before the port can be easily accessible by land. The valley on the north side of Kilkadrane Hill having been often mistaken by night for the proper channel for entering the Shannon, a light has been placed on the top of the hill, red to seaward, and a fixed bright light as seen descending the river. In the village is a public dispensary, and near it is the R. C. chapel.--See MOYARTA.

CARRIGALINE, a parish, partly in the county of the city of CORK, and partly in the barony of KINNALEA, but chiefly in that of KERRICURRIHY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 7 miles (S. E.) from Cork; containing 7375 inhabitants. This place was in early times called Beavor, or Bebhor, and derived its name from the abrupt rocky cliff on which are the remains of the ancient castle, built by Milo de Cogan in the reign of King John, and for nearly two centuries occupied by the Earls of Desmond, by whom it was forfeited, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The castle, together with the lands of Carrigaline and Ballinrea, was then granted by the queen to Sir Anthony St. Leger, who demised them to Stephen Golding, from whom they were purchased by Sir Richard Boyle, afterwards Earl of Cork, and from him descended to the present proprietor, the Earl of Shannon. In 1568, the Lord-Deputy Sidney, after relieving the Lady St. Leger in Cork, advanced against this fortress, which he took from James Fitzmaurice after an obstinate resistance, and from this time during the entire reign of Elizabeth it had the reputation of being impregnable. In 1589, Sir Francis Drake, with a squadron of five ships, being chased by a Spanish fleet of superior force, ran into Cork harbour; and sailing up Crosshaven, moored his squadron in a safe basin, sheltered by Corribiny Hill, close under Coolmore. The Spaniards pursued, but, being unacquainted with the harbour, sailed round the shores without discovering the English fleet, and giving up the search, left it here in perfect security. The basin in which Sir Francis lay has since been called Drake's pool.

The parish is situated on the road from Cork to Tracton, and contains 14,254 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £16,606 per annum-; the surface is pleasingly undulated, and the soil is fertile; a considerable part is under an improved system of tillage, and the remainder is in demesne, meadow, or pasture land. There is neither waste land nor bog; coal, which is landed at several small quays here, is the chief fuel. A light brown and purplish clay-slate is found; and limestone of very superior quality is raised at Shanbally, in large blocks, and after being hewn into columns, tombstones, &c, is shipped to Cork and other places. The appearance of the country is beautifully varied: the views from the high grounds are extensive and picturesque,' commanding the course of the Awenbwuy, with its capacious estuary, called Crosshaven, and embellished with numerous gentlemen's seats. The principal are Maryborough, the residence of W. H. Worth Newenham, Esq., situated in a beautiful demesne of 545 acres, with a lofty square tower a little to the east of the house, which commands a magnificent prospect of the town and harbour of Cove, and the rich scenery of the river; Mount-Rivers, of M. Roberts, Esq.; and Ballybricken, of D. Conner, Esq. The village has a very pleasing appearance; it consists of several good houses and a number of decent cottages, extending into the parish of Kilmoney, on the south side of the river, over which is a bridge of three arches. There are two large boulting-mills, the property of Messrs. Michael Roberts and Co., which grind 12,000 sacks of flour annually, of which the greater part is shipped for England from Cork. The trade consists chiefly in the export of corn, flour, and potatoes, and the import of coal and culm. The channel of the river has been lately deepened six feet, and vessels can now deliver their cargoes at the bridge. A creek runs up to Shanbally, and another forms the channel of Douglas, both of which are navigable for vessels of 70 tons' burden, which bring up lime, sand, and manure, and take away limestone and bricks, the latter of which are made near Douglas. Salmon, white trout, sole, plaice, and oysters of superior quality, are obtained in these inlets, and, in the latter part of the summer, herrings are occasionally taken in great quantities. The river Awenbwuy, winding through a rich corn country, is well situated for commerce, and several large mills are in course of erection on its banks. Fairs are held in Carrigaline on Easter-Monday, Whit-Monday, Aug. 12th, and Nov. 8th, for cattle, sheep, and pigs. There is a penny post to Cork; and a chief constabulary police force has been stationed here. Petty sessions are held in the court-house every Tuesday, and a manorial court once in three weeks.

The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cork, and in the patronage of the Earl of Shannon: the tithes amount to £1080. The church is a very handsome edifice of hewn limestone, in the later English style of architecture, with a massive square tower crowned with pinnacles and surmounted by an elegant and lofty octagonal spire pierced with lights: it was erected in 1823, near the site of the former church, and enlarged in 1835, by the addition of a north transept; the windows are very light, chaste, and beautiful, particularly the eastern one, the upper part of which is ornamented with stained glass. Near the west front is a lofty arch, beneath which is an altar-tomb of grey marble, with a recumbent leaden figure, now much mutilated, of Lady Susanna Newenham, who died in 1754. A chapel of ease has been built at the village of Douglas, in the northern division of the parish, within the liberties of the city of Cork. There is no glebe-house, but a glebe of 6a. 3r. 9p. In the R. C. divisions the parish partly forms the head of a union or district, comprising the four ploughlands called Carrigaline and the parishes of Templebready and Kilmoney, and is partly in the union of Douglas or Ballygervin, and partly in that of Passage: the chapel is in that part of the village of Carrigaline which is on the south side of the river. The male and female parochial schools are supported by subscription; the school-rooms were built in 1834. At Raheens are schools for boys and girls, the former supported by a donation of £50 per ann. from W. H. W. Newenham, Esq., and the latter by Mrs. Newenham; a school is aided by annual subscriptions, amounting to £4, and there are other hedge schools in the parish, altogether affording instruction to about 450 children, and a Sunday school. Here is also a dispensary. At Ballinrea there is a mineral spring, which is considered to be of the same kind as that of Tunbridge Wells, and has been found efficacious in cases of debility; and near it is a holy well, dedicated to St. Renogue, which is resorted to by the country people on the 24th of June.

CARRIGALLEN, or CLINCORICK, a parish, in the barony of CARRIGALLEN, county of LEITRIM, and province of CONNAUGHT, 5 miles (S. W. by W.) from Killesandra, on the road to Drumsna; containing 7809 inhabitants, of which number, 492 are in the village. The parish contains 15,000 statute acres, including a great quantity of bog: the cultivation is principally by spade labour; limestone of the best kind is quarried at Newtown-Gore. The village comprises about 100 houses: it has a market for grain and provisions on Monday; and fairs are held on April 4th, May 7th, Aug. 9th, Oct. 8th, and the last Friday in Dec. Fairs are also held at Longfield on May 17th, Oct. 10th, and Dec. 29th. There is a penny post to Killesandra and Ballinamore; and a constabulary police force has been stationed here. Petty sessions are held every alternate Saturday, but the manor court has been discontinued since the institution of the assistant barrister's court. . The principal seats are Killigar, the residence of John Godley, Esq., situated in a richly wooded demesne, embellished with three fine sheets of water; Drumsilla, of Acheson O'Brien, Esq.; and Cloncorrick Castle, the property of Pierce Simpson, Esq., by purchase from Major W. Irwin. This castle was built by the O'Rourkes, and here resided John O'Rourke, son of Thady, the last of the family who lived in any degree of splendour, until, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, at a Court of Claims held at Carrigallen, he was deprived of his estate and declared illegitimate, on the evidence of Abbot Macaward. The castle has received such additions and alterations as scarcely to leave a feature of its original character. Woodford House, which is half a mile north of Newtown-Gore, is built on the ruins of another of the O'Rourkes' castles: the estate was formerly well wooded, and remarkable for its oaks, and there are still two fine walled gardens of considerable extent. It was a place of great splendour, and belonged to the ancestors of W. Ormsby Gore, Esq., of Porkington, Shropshire.

The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore, and in the patronage of the Bishop, to whom the rectory is appropriate: the tithes amount to £450, of which £151. 1. 6. is payable to the bishop, and £298. 18. 6. to the incumbent.. The church, a good building with a square tower, and in excellent repair, was erected in 1814, by aid of a loan of £1500 from the late Board of First Fruits. The glebe-house was built by a gift of £100, and a loan of £1350, from the same Board, in 1819: the glebe comprises 590 acres. There is also a church at Killigar, with a small parsonage-house adjoining, built and endowed by John Godley, Esq., at an expense of £1100. The R. C. parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and contains two chapels, one at Mullinadaragh, and the other, called the Lower Chapel, at Aughal: there is also a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists at Newtown-Gore. At Drumshangour are two schools, aided by annual donations from Mr. and Mrs. Godley, who at their own expense support two at Killigar: there are also schools at Carrigallen, Newtown-Gore, Corglass, Corneagh, and Kievy. In these schools are educated 480 boys and 400 girls; and there are also three private schools, in which are about 100 boys and 60 girls, and two Sunday schools, one of which is supported by Mr. Godley.

CARRIGANS.--See KILLEA, county of DONEGAL.

CARRIGDOWNANE, or CARRIGDOWNIG, a parish, in the barony of FERMOY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 5 miles (S. W.) from Mitchelstown; containing 219 inhabitants. This small parish, which is situated on the river Funcheon, and on the road from Kildorrery to Fermoy, comprises 785 statute acres, as assessed to the county rate, and valued at £687 per annum. The land is in general of good quality and chiefly under tillage, but the system of agriculture is in a backward state. Limestone is plentiful, and is quarried for burning into lime, which is the principal manure. Stannard's Grove, the property of the Cotter family, is at present uninhabited. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop: the tithes amount to £90. The church is in ruins; and the Protestant parishioners attend the church of Nathlash, a mile distant. There is no glebe-house; the glebe comprises 10 Irish acres. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Kildorrery. There are some remains of the ancient parish church.

CARRIGG, a parish, in the barony of SHELMALIER, county of WEXFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 2 miles (W.) from Wexford; containing 1054 inhabitants. This place is situated on the road to New Ross, and on the river Slaney, at its influx into the haven at Wexford. In the townland of Ferry-Carrigg, and near the bridge over the Slaney, Robert Fitz-Stephen, in 1171, built a strong castle, in which he was soon afterwards besieged by the Irish under Donald of Limerick, natural son of Dermod Mac Murrough, the last King of Leinster. Donald, finding himself unable to reduce it by force, had recourse to stratagem, and by a feigned account that Strongbow and his friends in Dublin had been put to the sword by the victorious army, who were on their march to this place, prevailed upon Fitz-Stephen, by the promise of a safe passport into Wales, to surrender himself and the garrison into his hands. Many of the men were instantly put to death; and Fitz-Stephen and the remainder were conveyed in chains to a small island called Beg Erin, in the north part of Wexford haven, where they were confined till the landing of Hen. II. at Waterford, when, being removed to that town, they were placed in Ragnal's or Reginald's tower, from which they were soon afterwards liberated by the English monarch.

The parish is bounded on the north by the river Slaney, over which is a handsome bridge of American oak, built by the architect of the old Wexford bridge, under an act passed in 1794, which empowered subscribers to raise £7000 for that purpose, who, on payment of one-fifth of that sum, were to be constituted a corporate body, under the designation of the "Commissioners of Carrigg Bridge," and to have a common seal. The northern part is intersected by the mail coach road from Wexford to Dublin, and the road from Wexford to New Ross also passes through it. It comprises 2538 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, of which the greater portion is in pasture and the remainder under tillage; the system of agriculture is progressively improving. Here are some quarries of good building stone, from which the works now in progress at St. Peter's College, Wexford, are supplied. The scenery is pleasingly varied, including the richly wooded banks of the Slaney and the Forth mountains, by which the parish is bounded on the west. Belmont, the residence of Charles Arthur Walker, Esq., is finely situated on a commanding eminence above the Slaney, and embraces some beautiful views of that river above Wexford bridge, and especially of that side of it which is ornamented by the elegant mansions and richly wooded demesnes of Saunders Court, Artramont, and other gentlemen's seats. The other seats are Barntown House, the newly erected residence of Major Perceval; Cullentra, of G. Little, Esq.; Park House, of Capt. J. W. Harvey; Janeville, of D. Jones, Esq.; and Bettyville, of Mrs. Redmond: there are also several other villas. The Slaney affords every facility of water conveyance for the supply of the neighbourhood.

This is one of the 16 parishes that constitute the union of St. Patrick's, Wexford. The living is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Portsmouth. The tithes amount to £185. 1. 5., of which £62. 3. 5 1/2. is payable to the impropriator, and £122. 17. 11 1/2. to the curate. There are some remains of the old parish church below Belmont; and in the churchyard, under an altar-tomb, are deposited the remains of Lieut.-Col. Jones Watson, who fell on the 30th of May, 1798, while leading the yeomanry of this county to attack the insurgents, who had encamped at the Three Rocks on the mountain of Forth. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Glynn; the chapel is at Barntown, and adjoining it is the national school, in which about 150 children of both sexes are gratuitously instructed, under the superintendence of the R. C. clergyman. The remains of the castle of Ferry-Carrigg, in the parish of Tickillen, are romantically situated on a pinnacle of rock commanding the pass of the river, and consist principally of a lofty square tower. On the opposite side of the river, and in the parish of Carrigg, was a castle called Shan-a-Court, or John's Court, supposed to have been built in the reign of John, and in which that monarch is said to have held a court. The remains consist only of the trenches; many of the stones were used in building the more ancient part of Belmont house. In this parish is also Barntown Castle, which appears to have been built about the same time as that of Ferry-Carrigg, and by some writers is attributed to the same founder; it consists of a lofty square tower still nearly entire; Barntown formed a portion of the lands granted by Cromwell to Col. Le Hunt, whose descendants still reside at Artramont, in the neighbourhood.

CARRIGLEAMLEARY.--See CARRIG, county of CORK.

CARRIGNAVAR, a village, in the parish of DUNBOLLOGE, barony of BARRYMORE, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 5 miles (N.) from Cork; containing 282 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Cork to Mallow, in a fine fertile country, and has lately been much improved by its proprietors, Lord Midleton and J. McCarthy, Esq. The castle, of which little more than a square tower remains, is said to have been the last fortress in Munster which came into Cromwell's possession. It stood on the banks of the river Glanmire, and was built by Daniel, second son of Lord Muskerry, who died in 1616, and was one. of the dependencies of the manor of Blarney. The village contains a neat R. C. chapel and a school.--See DUNBOLLOGE.

CARRIGPARSON, or WILLESTOWN, a parish, partly in the barony of CLANWILLIAM, county of LIMERICK, but chiefly in the county of the city of LIMERICK, and province of MUNSTER, 4 1/2 miles (S.E.) from Limerick; containing 487 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road from Limerick to Cashel, and contains 828 statute acres, about one-half of which is in tillage, producing good crops of wheat, oats, and potatoes, and the other is mostly meadow. Basalt and limestone are found here, the former mostly in a state of decomposition; and between the north-western extremity of the parish and Cahirnarry is an extensive and valuable bog. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Emly, and is part of the union of Cahirconlish: the tithes amount to £95. 15. 4 1/2. There is neither church nor glebe-house, but a glebe of five acres near the remains of the old church. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the district or union of Ballybricken; the chapel is at Bohermora. There is a private school of 30 boys and 10 girls.

CARRIGROHANBEG, or KILGROHANBEG, a parish, in the barony of BARRETTS, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 3 miles (W.) from Cork; containing 659 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated in a very fertile district adjoining the western boundary of the county of the city of Cork, is bounded on the south by the river Lee, and on the east by the Awenbeg, or Shawnagh, a small river which flows from Blarney and falls into the Lee opposite to the beautiful ruins of Carrigrohane castle. It contains 1513 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £1936 per annum: the surface is pleasingly diversified, and the soil, resting on a substratum of clay-slate, is extremely fertile. The land is chiefly in pasture, and the farmers attend almost exclusively to the dairy, for supplying the city of Cork with milk and butter. The vale of Awenbeg is beautifully romantic, and on the banks of that river were formerly some mills for manufacturing paper and some iron forges; the vale of the Lee is exceedingly fertile, and the meadows are occasionally irrigated by the overflowing of the river. The gentlemen's seats are Woodside, the residence of the Rev. E. M. Carleton, commanding a fine view down the vale, with an excellent farm adjoining it belonging to the proprietor of the estate, who has done much towards improving the agriculture of the surrounding district; Rock Lodge, of R. Carleton, Esq.; Beechmount, of the Rev. R. Cahill; and Temple Hill, of Russell Fitton, Esq. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop: the tithes amount to £156. 11. 7. There is no church, but divine service is regularly performed by the rector in his own house; the ruins of the old parish church, covered with ivy, and presenting a very picturesque appearance, are situated between the high road and the river Lee, near its junction with the Awenbeg. There is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Inniscarra. The male and female parochial schools are supported by the rector, in connection with the Cloyne Diocesan Association.

CARRIGROHANE, or KILGROHANMORE, a parish, partly in the county of the city of CORK, but chiefly in the barony of BARRETTS, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Cork; containing 1921 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the south bank of the river Lee, over which is a stone bridge connecting it with the parish of Inniscarra, and on the new line of road through Magourney to Macroom. The whole comprises 2578 acres, as applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £4655 per annum; and that part of it which is included within the barony of Barretts contains 1556 acres, valued at £2136, according to the county estimate. The land is of excellent quality, and the farms, being in the occupation of persons of capital, are in an excellent state of cultivation. From the low price of grain, the produce of the dairy and the grazing of cattle have been found more profitable than growing corn; the lands are therefore being converted into dairy farms. The parish forms part of the limestone district that extends from near the source of the river Bride, along its southern bank, across the vale to the west of the city of Cork, and passing through its southern suburbs, terminates at Blackrock. The quarrying of limestone and manufacture of gunpowder at Ballincollig encourage that industry among the people of which the fruits are seen in their comfortable appearance and the improved state of their habitations. On the river Lee are some extensive mills, capable of manufacturing from 350 to 400 sacks of flour weekly. About a mile and a half from the church are several very handsome houses, occupied by the officers connected with the garrison of Ballincollig.

The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cork, united from time immemorial to the rectories of Curricuppane and Corbally, and to one-fourth of the rectory of Kinneagh, which four parishes constitute the corps of the precentorship of the cathedral of St. Finbarr, Cork: the tithes of the parish amount to £330, and of the whole union to £943. The church is a small plain edifice, situated near the river Lee, to the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently made a grant of £143. There is no glebe-house in the union, but a glebe of 22 acres and 38 perches. In the R. C. divisions this parish, together with the parishes of Kilnaglory and Inniskenny, and a small part of that of Ballinaboy, form the union or district of Ballincollig, where there is a chapel. There are male and female parochial schools supported by subscriptions; a national school at Ballincollig, in which are about 100 boys and 70 girls; a public and two private schools, one of which is for infants, in which are about 60 boys and 40 girls; and a Sunday school supported by the rector. Behind the church are considerable remains of the ancient castle, and the fine ruins of a more modern house, of great strength, of which nearly the whole of the outer walls are remaining. The turrets, pierced with loopholes, which project from the upper story of the latter building, indicate that it was built about the reign of Queen Elizabeth, but the castle is evidently much older and both were ruined in the war of 1641. At Ballincollig are the ruins of an extensive castle, situated on an isolated rock which rises in the midst of a fertile plain. This castle was built by the Barrett family, in the reign of Edw. III. William Barrett joined in the insurrection of the Earl of Desmond against Elizabeth, but was pardoned by Her Majesty and received into favour. In the war of 1641 it was in the possession