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CABINTEELY, a village, partly in the parish of KILLINEY, but chiefly in that of TULLY, half-barony of RATHDOWN, county of DUBLIN, and province of LEINSTER, 6 1/2 miles (S. S. E.) from Dublin: the population is returned with the respective parishes. This place, which is situated on the road from Dublin to Bray, is a constabulary police station, and has a twopenny post to Dublin: it comprises a number of small irregularly built houses, and a R. C. chapel for the union or district of Kingstown. In the vicinity are several handsome seats, the principal of which is Cabinteely House, the residence of the Misses Byrne, descended from the O'Byrne dynasty of Wicklow; the house forms three sides of a square, commanding extensive views of the bays of Dublin and Killiney, with the beautiful adjacent country; and the demesne is adorned with thriving plantations and presents many natural beauties. Among the other seats are Brenanstown House, the admired residence of G. Pirn, Esq.; and Glen-Druid, of Mrs. Barrington. Near Loughlinstown, on the right of the road leading to Bray, is the site of an extensive encampment, held there in 1797 and for several years after the disturbances in 1798. At Glen-Druid there is a very perfect cromlech, consisting of six upright stones supporting one of 14 feet by 12, which is supposed to weigh about 25 tons.

CABLE ISLAND. --See CAPELL ISLAND.

CADAMSTOWN, or CADMANSTOWN, a parish, in the barony of CARBERY, county of KILDARE, and province of LEINSTER, 6 miles (W. by N.) from Kilcock; containing 1205 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Kilcock to Kinnegad, and comprises 3637 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act Balyna House is the seat of R. More O'Ferrall, Esq. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Kildare, and is annexed to the union of Castle-Carbery; the whole of the tithes, which amount to £118. 8. 10 1/4., are impropriate in the Marquess of Downshire. In the R. C. divisions it is the head of a union or district, called Balyna or Johnstown, comprising also the parishes of Mylerstown, Ballynadrimna, Nurney, Kilrenny, and Carrick: there are three chapels in the union, situated respectively at Johnstown-Bridge, Garrisker, and Nurney; the first is a handsome edifice recently erected in the later English style, with a tower and spire of hewn stone. A school at Balyna, chiefly supported by R. M. O'Ferrall, Esq., affords instruction to about 100 boys and 60 girls; and there is a private school, in which are about 20 boys and 20 girls. At Johnstown-Bridge are the ruins of the old church.

CADAMSTOWN, a village, in the parish of LETTERLUNA, barony of BALLYBRITT, KING’S county, and province of LEINSTER, 3 miles (S. E.) from Kinitty, on the road from Parsonstown to Clonaslie; containing 18 houses and 108 inhabitants. Here is an extensive boulting-mill and malting establishment.

CAHER. --See CAHIR, county of TIPPERARY.

CAHERA, or CAHARAGH, a parish, in the Western Division of the barony of WEST CARBERY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 4 miles (N.) from Skibbereen; containing 6999 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the roads from Skibbereen and Dunmanway, which meet at Dromore, near its centre, and proceed northward to Bantry; and is intersected by the river Ilen, on which, near Dromore, are some beautiful cascades. It contains 27,380 statute acres, of which 17,284 are arable, 5211 pasture, 155 woodland, and the remainder waste or bog; 20,054 acres are applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £7227 per annum. The surface is uneven, but in many places very productive, although it consists chiefly of small fields interspersed among rocks, and is cultivated by spade labour; and although the roads are excellent, the farmers continue to carry manure to their land on the backs of horses. The principal seats are Mount Music, the residence of the Rev. R. F. Webb, the rector; Gurtnascree, of A. O'Driscoll, Esq.; Woodville, of T. Wood, Esq.; and that occupied by the Rev. D. Dore, P. P. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, and in the patronage of the Bishop: the tithes amount to £650. The church is a small, neat, cruciform edifice, without tower, spire, or bell: it was built in 1829, at an expense of £650 given by the late Board of First Fruits. There is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the R. C. divisions this is the head of a union or district, comprising the parish of Cahera and part of Abbeystrowry: there are two chapels, one a large and handsome building at Killeenagh, on a lofty eminence near the church; the other, a small plain edifice at Dromore. The male and female parochial schools are supported by the Cork Diocesan Association, aided by the rector and Mr. Newman; and near the chapel at Killeenlagh is a school, containing about 100 boys and 70 girls. There are also a private school, in which are about 90 boys and 60 girls, and a Sunday school. Near Lisnagle are the ruins of a strong castle, once the residence of McCarthy, King of Cork. The ruins of the old church also remain, which the people here call the Abbey of Cahir.

CAHIR, a parish, in the barony of IVERAGH, county of KERRY, and province of MUNSTER; containing, with the market and post-town of Cahirciveen, 5653 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the harbour of Valencia, on the south-western coast; and is intersected by the high road from Tralee to Valencia; it includes within its limits Beg-innis or Begnis island, which, however, is situated nearer to the island and parish of Valencia, and between which and Dowlas Head is the northern entrance to the harbour. It comprises 20,452 statute acres, of which about 7000 are arable, 6500 mountain pasture, 6932 waste land and bog, and about 20 acres woodland. The soil is in general light; and the system of agriculture, though still in a backward state, has improved considerably since the construction of the new line of road through this and the neighbouring parishes, and along the coast of Castlemaine bay, as projected by the late Mr. Nimmo about 20 years since, by the completion of which great benefit has been conferred upon a district depending upon sea-weed and sea sand chiefly for manure, and for the conveyance of which from the coast to the interior it affords great facility. Shell sand of superior quality is brought from Begnis island and is extensively used for manure. There is no limestone nearer than Killorglin, a distance of 28 miles; and probably on account of the steepness of the hills, and the imperfect drainage of the lowlands, the spade is much more in use than the plough. The seats are Castlequin, that of Kean Mahony, Esq.; Bahoss, the newly erected mansion of Charles O'Connell, Esq., situated nearly in the centre of a reclaimed bog, and commanding a fine view of the amphitheatre of mountains by which it is encircled; and Hillgrove, the residence of J. Primrose, Esq., surrounded by a finely wooded demesne, a feature of rare occurrence in this wild district. Near the foot of Hillgrove is Cashen, the old mansion of the O'Connell family, and the birthplace of Daniel O'Connell, Esq., who holds the greater portion of a large estate in this parish under the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin, besides a large tract his own estate. The prevailing rocks are of the slate formation, and slates of a good quality have been quarried on Cahirciveen mountain, and used for roofing the houses in the town. A few boats belonging to the parish are employed in the fishery, and several others are engaged in the conveyance of shell sand from Begnis island.

The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, episcopally united, prior to the date of any existing record, to the rectory and vicarage of Glenbegh and the rectory of Killinane, together constituting the union of Cahir, in the patronage of the Crown: the tithes amount to £226. 16. 10., and of the whole benefice to £517. 13. 10. The church is a neat plain edifice, built in the year 1815 by aid of a loan of £540 from the late Board of First Fruits. There is a glebe-house; and the glebe lands, in four separate parcels, comprise 107 1/2 acres. In the R. C. divisions the parish forms part of the union or district of Cahirciveen, which also comprises the parish of Killinane: there are two chapels, situated at Cahirciveen and Fielmore; the former is a spacious building with a handsome belfry of hewn stone surmounted by a cross; the latter is a chapel of ease in the parish of Killinane. There is a national school endowed with the interest of a bequest of £500 from the late Gen. Count O'Connell, aided by annual donations from the Marquess of Lansdowne and Daniel and Maurice O'Connell, Esqrs.; also a free school supported by subscription, in which together about 650 children are educated. A fever hospital was established in 1834, for the reception of 25 patients; and there is a dispensary. Nearly opposite to the town are the extensive ruins of the ancient castle of Bally-Carbery; and at a small distance from them are the remains of one of those remarkable circular buildings, similar to Staig Fort, which are found only in Kerry, and which are generally supposed to have been built as places of security against the incursions of pirates on this wild and remote coast. Opposite to the north-east coast of Valencia island is the lofty cliff called Dowlas Head, near which is a spacious cavern; the entrance is low, but the interior is lofty, and bears a slight resemblance to a cathedral. --See CAHIRCIVEEN.

CAHIR, a parish, in the barony of UPPER OSSORY, QUEEN’S county, and province of LEINSTER; containing 519 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Durrow to Kilkenny, and forms part of the union of Aughamacart, in the diocese of Ossory, in which the vicarage is included: the rectory is impropriate in Ladies G. and F. Fitzpatrick. In the R. C. divisions it is part of the union or district of Durrow.

CAHIR, or CAHER, a market and post-town, and a parish, in the barony of IFFA and OFFA WEST, county of TIPPERARY, and province of MUNSTER, 7 3/4 miles (W. N. W.) from Clonmel, and 87 1/2 (S. W. by S.) from Dublin; containing 8462 inhabitants, of which number, 3408 are in the town. This place is situated on the river Suir, and at the junction of the mail coach roads leading respectively from Waterford to Limerick, and from Cork, by way of Cashel, to Dublin. The town is of remote antiquity, and appears to have attained a considerable degree of importance at a very early period. A castle was built here prior to the year 1142, by Connor, King of Thomond and Monarch of Ireland; and, in the reign of John, Geoffry de Camvill founded a priory to the honour of the Blessed Virgin, for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustin, which continued to flourish till 1540, when it was surrendered to the Crown; there are still some remains of the buildings. The manor was one of those belonging to the Butler family; and in the reign of Elizabeth the castle was besieged by the Earl of Essex, with the whole of his army, when the garrison, encouraged by the hostilities then waged by the Earl of Desmond, held out for ten days, but was compelled to surrender. In 1647, this fortress was invested by Lord Inchiquin, and, notwithstanding its great strength, surrendered in a few hours, after some of its outworks had been gained by the assailants.

The present town owes its rise to the late Earl of Glengall, and has been enlarged and greatly improved by the present Earl, whose seat is within its limits; it is pleasantly situated on the river Suir, and is well built and of handsome appearance. About a mile distant are extensive cavalry barracks, adapted for 23 officers and 346 non-commissioned officers and privates, with stabling for 292 horses, and an hospital attached; and the staff of the Tipperary militia is also stationed in the town. At Scartana, in the vicinity, races are held annually in September or October, and are generally well attended. - A linen factory was established under the Cahir Local Association, formed originally in 1809, which laid the foundation of a spinning school, and in 1823 established a market for the sale of linen and yarn. Diapers and fine linens were at first the principal articles manufactured, but coarser fabrics have latterly been produced. For want of an advantageous market the whole of this trade declined; and in 1822, the London Relief Committee, under the immediate patronage of the Earl and Countess Dowager of Glengall, established the present Leghorn, Tuscan, British, and fancy straw plat manufactory; it was projected by Mr. John Parry, of London, who first introduced the manufacture of Italian straws into England, for which he received a medal from the Society of Arts. The produce of this manufacture, in which a large number of females is employed, is chiefly disposed of to the wholesale houses in London. By a failure of one of those houses in 1828, the business of the factory was greatly impeded; but the pecuniary assistance afforded by the Earl of Glengall has enabled the present proprietor, Mr. Richard Butler, to carry it on as extensively as before. The articles manufactured are of superior quality, and find a ready sale in the English market. Weaving-looms for fancy plats of Italian straw with silk, of very ingenious workmanship, have been recently established, and at present afford employment to 68 females, and arrangements are in progress for considerably extending this branch of the trade. There are five very extensive flour-mills in the town and its immediate neighbourhood; the mill at Cahir Abbey, the property of Mr. Grubb, is on a very large scale and is worked by an engine of 80-horse power. The market, which is chiefly for agricultural produce, is on Friday; the market-house is a neat and commodious building. Fairs are held on Feb. 8th, April 12th, May 26th and 27th, July 20th, Sept. 18th and 19th, Oct. 20th, and Dec. 7th. A constabulary police force is stationed in the town. A manorial court, in which debts to the amount of £10 are recoverable, is held every six weeks by the seneschal; and petty sessions are held weekly. The bridewell, a handsome castellated building, contains five cells, one day-room, and two airing-yards. The trade of this place and neighbourhood will be much improved by the construction of the contemplated railway from Tipperary to Carrick-on-Suir, for which an act has been obtained, and towards the completion of which the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland have agreed to advance a loan, on condition that there be an equal subscription, which latter at present amounts to £60, 000. It is to have a branch from Tipperary to Killaloe, to communicate with the Upper Shannon, and the estimated expense does not exceed £150, 000.

The parish comprises 13,923 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, of which about 890 are woodland, 9560 arable, 1764 pasture, and 1709 waste land, bog, and mountain: the land is in general of good quality, and the system of agriculture is in a very improved state. The Galtee range of mountains commences here, and the scenery in the neighbourhood is of a highly picturesque character. Cahir House, the seat of the Earl of Glengall, is situated in the town, and the demesne extends for more than two miles on both sides of the river. The park, which is finely planted and well stocked with deer, comprises 560 acres; and in a secluded part of it is a picturesque retreat of modern erection, called the Cottage, which is greatly admired for the extreme beauty of its situation. The river Suir winds gently through the demesne, and contributes to the interest and diversity of the landscape. Cahir Abbey, the residence of Richard Grubb, Esq., is a handsome house recently erected by the proprietor, and pleasantly situated in grounds tastefully disposed and commanding some fine views. The other seats are Garnavella, the handsome residence of J. Archer Butler, Esq.; Altavilla, of W. Going, Esq.; Ballybrado, of J. Wm. Fennell, Esq.; and Killemley Hall, beautifully situated on the river Suir and commanding some highly picturesque views, the property of H. Hughes, Esq., but in the occupation of L. Clutter-buck, Esq. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, episcopally united, in 1803, to that of Grange St. John, forming the union of Cahir, in the patronage of the Crown; the rectory is appropriate to the Archbishop of Cashel. The tithes amount to £900, of which £500 is payable to the archbishop, and £400 to the vicar; and the gross tithes of the benefice, payable to the vicar, amount to £460. The church was rebuilt, in 1817, by aid of a loan of £2500 from the late Board of First Fruits: it is a spacious structure of stone, in the later English style, with an embattled tower surmounted by a finely proportioned spire, the whole after a design by Mr. Nash, of London. The glebe-house, a handsome residence, was built by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of £750 from the same Board, in 1809: the glebe comprises 10a. 2r. 22p. In the R. C. divisions this parish is the head of a union or district, comprising the parishes of Cahir and Mortlestown; the chapel, lately rebuilt, is a spacious and handsome cruciform edifice, in the later English style, with a lofty and well-proportioned spire. There is a place of worship for the Society of Friends. The parochial schools are under the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity; the school-house was built at an expense of £1034, of which £600 was defrayed from the funds of that charity, and £434 by the late Earl of Glengall, who also gave two acres of land; and there is a national school, aided by subscription. In these schools about 180 boys and 170 girls are instructed; there are also twelve private schools, in which are about 580 children. A dispensary and fever hospital were founded by the local London Relief Committee. The ruins of the old castle are situated on an island in the river, and present a very interesting and highly picturesque appearance. This is the burial-place of the Butler family, Earls of Glengall, to whom it gives the inferior titles of Viscount and Baron.

CAHIRCIVEEN, a market and post-town, in the parish of CAHIR, barony of IVERAGH, county of KERRY, and province of MUNSTER, 36 miles (S. W.) from Tralee, and 183 (S. W. by W.) from Dublin; containing 1192 inhabitants. This town, of which the greater portion has arisen since the formation of the new line of road along the coast of Castlemaine bay and through the Iveragh mountains to Valencia, is pleasantly situated at the base of the Cahirciveen mountain, and on the high road from Tralee to Valencia. In 1815 there were only five houses in the entire village, but within the last ten years it has rapidly increased, and consists of one principal street stretching along the main road, and of two smaller streets branching from it at right angles, one of which leads down to the quay, and the other to the upper road or old village of Cahir, which consists only of mud cabins. The houses on the new road are neatly built and roofed with slate; the town has a lively and cheerful appearance; the approaches are all by good roads kept in excellent order, and great improvements have been made in the neighbourhood. A subscription news-room upon a small scale has been established, also an agency for transacting business with the National Bank of Ireland. The chief trade carried on is the importation of timber, salt, and iron; oats and flour from some mills to the east of the town are occasionally exported. The flour-mills were erected at an expense exceeding £4000, and from the increasing cultivation of wheat in this district, are now extensively worked. A pier and a small quay were constructed in 1822, which are much used, but would have been more beneficial to the town had they been built a little below the present site; the quay is accessible to vessels of considerable burden. About 400 persons are employed in the fishery, but being also engaged in agriculture they neglect the best seasons for fishing. At Renard Point, immediately opposite to the " foot" of Valencia island, is a small quay, from which is a ferry to Valencia. It is supposed that Renard, which is about 2 ½ miles to the west of Cahirciveen, will be the commencement of the great western railway, should that work be carried into execution. The market is on Saturday; and fairs are held on the 1st of September and 13th of December, besides which, several others have been recently established. A constabulary police force has been stationed here; and petty sessions are held in the town every alternate week. The bridewell is a neat and well-arranged building. The parish church and the R. C. chapel (the latter a handsome building), and a fever hospital and dispensary, are situated in the town. Here is also a national school. -- See CAHIR.

CAHIRCONLISH, a post-town and parish (formerly incorporated), in the barony of CLANWILLIAM, county of LIMERICK, and province of MUNSTER, 7 miles (E. S. E.) from Limerick, and 116 (S. W. by W.) from Dublin; containing 3964 inhabitants, of which number, 703 are in. the town. It is situated one mile west of the new line of road from Limerick to Clonmel, and was formerly a walled town, containing four castles and an extensive and celebrated college, every vestige of which has long since disappeared, and its site is only known from a field still retaining the name of the College Field. The town was formerly incorporated, as appears by a grant made in the 32nd of Edw. III., and dated Nov. 9th, 1358, conferring "murage for 20 years" on "the Provost, Bailiff, and Commonalty of the town of Catherkenlyshe" On Aug. 7th, 1690, Wm. III. encamped here on his march to the siege of Limerick, as did also Gen. de Ginkell in the following year. The town contains about 120 houses, of which several are large and well built, but in a dilapidated state: it is a constabulary police station, and fairs are held on May 16th, Aug. 20th, Oct. 17th, and Dec. 5th.

The parish contains 4777 statute acres: the soil is variable, but in general very productive; about one-third is under tillage; the remainder is meadow, pasture, or demesne, with about 120 acres of bog, which is here valuable. Near the town stands Cahirconlish House, a handsome modern residence, erected near the site of the old family mansion, by the proprietor, Major Wm. Wilson; it is surrounded by fine plantations and ornamental grounds. The old mansion, which stood on a rock, was one of the castles above noticed, and, though previously exhibiting no extraordinary marks of decay, suddenly split from top to bottom, one half falling into a heap of ruins, and the other left standing; the gateway, on which are the arms of the Wilson family, yet remains. Not far distant are Baskill, the residence of B. Friend, Esq., and the glebe-house, of the Rev. M. Moore. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Emly, united in 1791, by act of council, to the vicarage of Luddenbeg and the rectory and vicarage of Car-rigparson, together forming the union of Cahirconlish, in the patronage of the Archbishop of Cashel: the rectory is appropriate to the vicars choral of the cathedral of Christ-Church, Dublin. The tithes amount to £581. 11. 1., of which £369. 4. 7. is payable to the vicars choral, and the remainder to the vicar; the gross tithes payable to the incumbent amount to £362. 1. 65. The church is a spacious edifice, in the early English style, with a lofty square tower surmounted by an octagonal spire of hewn stone. The glebe-house was built by aid of a gift of £100, in 1796, from the late Board of First Fruits. The glebe, which is attached to the glebe-house, is tastefully planted and contains 14 1/2 statute acres; besides this there are two other glebes, one of 5 statute acres, opposite the entrance to Cahirconlish House, and the other in the townland of Grenane, of 2 acres. In the R. C. divisions this parish is the head of a union or district, comprising the parishes of Cahirconlish, Isert-Lawrence, Carrigparson, and Ballybrood, and part of Dromkeen, and containing two chapels, one at Kilmurry in Cahirconlish, and the other at Isert-Lawrence. The male and female parochial schools afford instruction to about 90 boys and 90 girls; the school-house is a large and handsome building, erected by the Wilson family, who also contribute liberally towards the support of the schools. There is also a school at Inch-St. Lawrence. Near the glebe-house, about a mile from the town, is the castle of Carrigifariogla, now called Carrigoreely, or "O'Farrell's rock", built by the Bourkes, but last occupied by the O'Dalys. There are also near the town the scattered fragments of what appears to have been an outer wall of an old fortress, called Croc-a-Ysenachuis-leann, or "the old Hill of the Castle;" and on the banks of the Mulchair are the ruins of Castle Brittas, -built by the Bourkes, Lords of Brittas.

CAHIRCORNEY, a parish, in the barony of SMALL COUNTY, county of LIMERICK, and province of MUNSTER, 8 miles (S. S. E.) from Limerick; containing 880 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the river Comogue, and on the high road from Limerick to Hospital; it contains 2872 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, three fourths of which are meadow and pasture, and the remainder under tillage. The soil is fertile, and the land under tillage produces abundant crops; but the system of agriculture is in a very backward state, the farmers directing their chief attention to the produce of the dairy. The Comogue or " crooked" river has its source near the ancient cathedral of Emly, and taking a westerly course passes through the parish, near the ruins of Glenogra castle and church, the castle of Rathmore, and the splendid remains of Monisternenagh, and falls into the river Maigue at Croom. On the south-west the parish is bounded by a small portion of Lough Gur, which is surrounded by limestone hills of gentle elevation covered with luxuriant verdure. In this lake are two islands, from one of which, strongly fortified, the English troops were much annoyed, on their march between Cork and Limerick during the war in the reign of Elizabeth. At Ballingoola there is a paper-mill, affording employment to 20 persons. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Emly, episcopally united, in 1681, to the vicarage of Kilkellane, together forming the union of Cahircorney, in the patronage of the Earl of Kenmare, during whose legal incapacity the presentation is in the Crown; the rectory is impropriate in John Croker, Esq. The tithes amount to £150, of which £100 is payable to the impropriator and £50 to the vicar; and the gross tithes of the benefice payable to the incumbent amount to £95. The church is an ancient structure, and contains a handsome monument to the Croker family, erected in 1723. The glebe-house was built by aid of a gift of £450 and a loan of £120 from the late Board of First Fruits; it is the residence of the Rev. Patrick Fitzgerald, vicar, and author of the History of the county of Limerick. The glebe comprises 7a. 4p., subject to a rent of £14 per annum, payable to the Croker family, proprietors of the whole parish. In the R.C. divisions the parish forms part of the union or district of Herbertstown and Hospital. There is a pay school, in which are about 40 boys and 30 girls. At Raleighstown are the remains of an ancient building, enclosed with a bawn defended at the angles by four small towers; it was erected in the reign of Jas. I. by Thomas Raleigh, Esq., uncle to the celebrated Sir Walter Raleigh, and afterwards became the property of the Croker family, who built a splendid house here, now in ruins. On the summit of a hill above Raleighstown is an extraordinary circular building of huge blocks of stone, curiously fitted into each other without mortar; it is of great strength, and evidently of remote antiquity. Near the shore of Lough Gur are the remains of two concentric circles of upright stones; but they are so much broken that the form can scarcely be determined.

CAHIRDUGGAN, a parish, in the barony of FERMOY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 3 miles (S. W.) from Doneraile; containing 1801 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the river Awbeg, by which it is bounded on the north, and on the mail coach road from Mallow to Buttevant and Charleville: it comprises 6148 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £5216 per annum. The land, in general of excellent quality, is chiefly under tillage, with some good pasture, and the system of agriculture is improving. At Drumcree there is a common of about 262 acres, tithe free, which is used by the inhabitants for grazing cattle. The parish contains abundance of limestone, which is extensively worked for building and for agricultural purposes. Culm has been found in the lands of Baltindaniel, but is not worked at present. There is a patent for holding several fairs, but the only one held is that of Cahirmee, on July 12th, which is one of the largest horse fairs in the South of Ireland. The principal seats are Cloheen, the residence of Lieut. -Col. A. Hill; Hazlewood, of W. Lysaght, Esq.; Spring-fort, of J. Foot, Esq.; Elmvale, of J. Duggan, Esq.; Danville, of W. Nash, Esq.; and Monte Video, of H.D. Spratt, Esq. It is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Cloyne, and forms part of the union of Buttevant; the rectory is impropriate in C. D. O. Jephson, Esq., and Major Crone. The tithes amount to £340. 11., the whole payable to the impropriators, who allow a stipend for the discharge of the clerical duties: the tithes of five townlands in the eastern part of the parish, comprising 1058 acres, are in dispute between the impropriators, but are at present payable to the lessee of Mr. Jephson. The church, which is in ruins, was built on its present site in the reign of Charles II. In 1717 the roof was taken off and service discontinued, by order of Bishop Crewe, and the parish was united to Doneraile, from which it was separated in 1758, and continued to be a distinct benefice till 1806, when it was united to Buttevant. In the R. C. divisions it is one of the three that form the union or district of Doneraile. Several Danish raths are found here in excellent preservation and generally surrounded by a single rampart and ditch. The site of an ancient castle, formerly belonging to the Roches, is still visible about a mile from Doneraile. Near it stood a considerable village, which tradition says was nearly depopulated by a plague and subsequently deserted.

CAHIRELLY, or BALLYBRICKEN, a parish, in the barony of CLANWILLIAM, county of LIMERICK, and province of MUNSTER, 8 miles (S. S. E.) from Limerick; containing 1346 inhabitants. This place appears to be of considerable antiquity, and its church is said to have been founded by St. Ailbe, Bishop of Emly, in the time of St. Patrick; it would also appear to have attained an early degree of importance, as three castles were erected within, its limits. The parish is situated on the river Comogue, by which it is bounded on the south; the mail coach road from Limerick to Cork passes within a quarter of a mile of its western extremity; and it is intersected from north to south by the road from Limerick to Hospital. It comprises 2636 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, of which 33 acres are roads and waste, and the remainder arable, pasture, and meadow land, of which last a great portion is frequently overflowed by the river: the western portion is rich grazing land, mostly belonging to large dairy farms, and the greater part of the eastern portion is in the occupation of small farmers, and is generally cultivated by spade labour. A patent for a market and four fairs on May 14th, Aug. 26th, Nov. 6th, and Dec. 21st, was granted to Michael Furnell, Esq. On Mr. Furnell's estate are quarries of very excellent limestone, worked at present chiefly for the proprietor and his tenantry. On this estate are West Cahir Elly castle, and the residence of Mr. Furnell, a neat building in the cottage style, with tastefully disposed grounds, situated near Longford bridge (an ancient structure of nine arches), where are some fine specimens of the moose deer and coins, dug up on the estate; also the residence of Mr. Hannan, in well-planted grounds ornamented with shrubs and evergreens. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Emly, and in the patronage of the Archbishop of Cashel; the rectory is appropriate to the vicars choral of the cathedral of Christ-Church, Dublin. The tithes amount to £140, of which £90 is payable to the appropriators, and £50 to the vicar. The glebe, in two detached portions, comprises 9 1/4 acres, but there is no glebe-house. In the R. C. divisions the parish is the head of the union or district of Ballybricken, which also comprises the parish of Carrigparson; the chapel is a substantial and handsome edifice, recently erected on the site of a former chapel in the townland of Ballybricken. There is a pay school, in which are about 50 boys and 20 girls; and Mr. Furnell has given a site for a national school. Of the three ancient castles, one, called the Black castle, has lately fallen to the ground; West Cahir Elly castle is in perfect and substantial repair; and Ballybricken castle is in ruins. Here are also the ruins of Cahirelly abbey, the burial-ground of which is enclosed and planted, and contains the ancient tomb of the Furnell family.

CAHIRFOSSORGE -- See BALLYNARD.

CAHIRLAG, a parish, in the barony of BARRYMORE, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 6 miles (E. by N.) from Cork; containing 1840 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Cork to Youghal, and comprises 3530 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act: nearly one-third is held by private gentlemen, and laid out in lawns, plantations, and pleasure grounds; the remaining two-thirds are almost equally divided between pasture and tillage. The dairy farms furnish Cork and its neighbourhood with a great quantity of butter, which is celebrated for its flavour The tillage is conducted on an improved plan, the Scottish system being generally prevalent; and, from the vicinity of Cork and the sea, an abundance of various kinds of manure is easily obtained. The river Glanmire turns several valuable mills, of which the Glanmire boulting-mill is the property of R. Shaw, Esq.; a steam-engine is being erected for this mill, which will enable it to manufacture more than 25, 000 barrels of flour annually. The river is navigable, at spring tides, to the bridge at Lower Glanmire for vessels of 40 tons' burden, which bring up coal, culm, and sea sand, for the supply of the neighbourhood. At Riverstown is a distillery belonging to Messrs. Lyons and Co., which is capable of making 180, 000 gallons of spirits annually. The scenery of the parish and its vicinity is pleasingly diversified, and embellished with numerous gentlemen's houses, among which are Dunkettle, the seat of A. Morris, Esq.; Richmond, of R. Mannix, Esq.; Factory Hill, of W. Letch-field, Esq.; Glenville, of E. Newsom, Esq.; Glentown, of Mrs. McCall; Maryborough, of J. Wallis, Esq.; Rockgrove, of Simon Dring, Esq.; Glenburn, of A. Lewis, Esq.; Annmount, of the Rev. Dr. Coghlan; Killora Lodge, of the Rev. R. Berry; Woodville, of N. W. Cummins, Esq.; Killahora, of J. Martin, Esq.; Richmond, of the Rev. W. L. Beaufort; Northesk, of J. Carnegie, Esq.; New Glanmire Lodge, of the Rev. Dr. Collins; and Combermere Cottage, of J. Keane, Esq. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cork, united by act of council, in 1785, to the rectories and vicarages of Little Island and Rathcooney, together forming the union and corps of the prebend of Rathcooney, formerly Cahirlag, in. the cathedral church of St. Finbarr, Cork the tithes amount to £300. There is a glebe comprising 7a. 3r. 3p. In the R. C. divisions this parish is the head of a union or district, also called Glauntane or New Glanmire, comprising the parishes of Cahirlag, Little Island, and Kilquane, and containing two chapels, one in the village of New Glanmire, the other in Kilquane. The rents of two farms, one on the lands of Rockgrove, the other on those of Rusgrane, left by the late Rev. Murtagh Keene, formerly P. P. of Glauntane, in trust to the R. C. Bishop of the diocese, and James Cantillon, Esq., of Little Island, are appropriated to the education of poor children of this division, without regard to religious distinction; and a school-house has been built at Glauntane, adjoining the chapel. On a lofty eminence stand the picturesque ruins of the old parish church; and not far distant are the remains of a pagan judgment seat, druids' circle and altar.

CAHIRNARRY, a parish, partly in the barony of CLANWILLIAM, county of LIMERICK, but chiefly in the county of the city of LIMERICK, and province of MUNSTER, 4 miles (S. E.) from Limerick; containing 1939 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road from Limerick to Charleville, and comprises 1832 statute acres. About one-fourth of the land, which is in general remarkably good, is under tillage; the remainder is rich meadow and pasture land, chiefly grazed by milch cows, whose milk is daily sent to Limerick. Limestone quarries are numerous, all furnishing good stone, which is raised for agricultural purposes. At one of the extremities of the parish is a valuable bog of about 70 acres. A new line of road leading from Limerick to Charleville, and avoiding the hill, has been recently opened. In the village of Ballyneedy is a constabulary police station. The principal seats are Ballyneguard, the residence of J. Croker, Esq.; Cahir-narry House, of J. Cripps, Esq.; Ballyneedy, of J. Fitzgerald, Esq.; and the glebe-house, of the Rev. J. Gabbett: there are also several other excellent houses. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Limerick, and in the gift of the Dean; the rectory is part of the union and corps of the deanery of Limerick. The tithes amount to £173.7.8., payable to the dean. The curate's income is £75 per annum, paid by the dean; he has also the glebe-house and glebe, for which he pays a nominal rent. The church is a small plain building, with a tower and spire of hewn stone, erected by aid of a gift of £350, in 1810, from the late Board of First Fruits. The glebe-house was erected by aid of a gift of £450, and a loan of £50, from the same Board, in 1813: the glebe comprises five acres. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Donoughmore or Knockea. There are two private schools, in which are about 130 children. On the summit of the hill, east of the church, is a small turret, erected by the late John Howley, Esq., in 1821, to commemorate the election of Thomas Spring Rice, Esq., the present Chancellor of the Exchequer, as a member of parliament for the city of Limerick. In the churchyard is a very splendid monument covering a large vault, also erected by Mr. Howley, and in which his remains are interred. From the summit of the hill are some very extensive views; and not far distant from it are the ruined castles of Rathsiward, Drombanny, and Liccadoen.

CAHIRULTAN, a parish, in the barony of IMOKILLY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, contiguous to the town and within the demesne of Castlemartyr. This parish, at a very early period, belonged to the Knights Templars, and subsequently to the Knights Hospitallers; it afterwards merged into the parish of Ballyoughtera, and both appear to have formed the ancient parish of Ballymartyr. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne, united by an act of the 9th of Anne, cap. 12, with Ballymartyr and Mogeely or Imogeely, under the name of Castlemartyr, and constituting the corps of the prebend of Cahirultan in the cathedral church of St. Colman, Cloyne, in the patronage of the Bishop: the tithes for the whole amount to £435. 12. 7 ½. The ruins of the old church are in the park of Castlemartyr. The glebe-house and glebe are in the parish of Imogeely; the glebe of the union comprises 22a. 3r. In the R. C. divisions it forms part of the union of Imogeely, or Castlemartyr.

CAHIRVALLY, or CAHIRVALLAGH, a parish, partly in the barony of CLANWILLIAM, county of LIMERICK, but chiefly in the county of the city of LIMERICK, and province of MUNSTER, 4 miles (S. by E.) from Limerick; containing 1463 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road from Limerick to Fedamore, and contains 3517 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £4802 per annum. The land is remarkably good; part of it is under tillage, and the remainder is rich meadow, pasture, and demesne land. There are several large and handsome houses in the neighbourhood, the principal of which are Roxborough, the fine mansion and demesne of the Hon. J. P. Vereker, and Friarstown, the highly improved residence of Vere Hunt, Esq. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Limerick, and is part of the union and corps of the treasurership of the cathedral of Limerick: the tithes amount to £211. 18. The church has long been in ruins and the parishioners resort to that at Kilpeacon. In the R. C. divisions it forms part of the union or district of Donoughmore or Knockea; the chapel is a large and handsome edifice. There is a private school, in which are about 40 children. At Liccadoen is a very good spa, the water of which is strongly impregnated with iron and sulphur, but it is much neglected, and other waters are allowed to mingle with it.

CALARY, a district parish, in the several baronies of BALLINACOR, HALF-RATHDOWN, and NEWCASTLE, county of WICKLOW, and province of LEINSTER, 5 miles (S. S. W.) from Bray; containing 2533 inhabitants. This parish was formed out of the several parishes of Kilmacanogue, Kilcoole, Derralossory, Newcastle, and Powerscourt, in 1831, under the provisions of an act of the 7th and 8th of Geo. IV. It is situated in the rugged table lands which extend southward from the great Sugar Loaf mountain to the vicinity of Roundwood; and lies embosomed between the lower range of hills among which the Downs hill claim pre-eminence, and the more elevated chain of heights above which the lofty Djouce rises in towering grandeur. It comprehends a dreary tract of poor elevated land, bog, and barren mountain, extending on the east to the glen of the Downs, and on the west to Luggelaw, comprising more than 9720 statute acres of productive land, with a large tract of unprofitable waste. The Sugar Loaf mountain rises to the height of 2000 feet above the level of the sea; on the western side its height is apparently diminished by the low range called the Long Hill, which conceals its base. The Djouce mountain has an elevation of 2392 feet, and is conspicuous in every extended view in the north part of the country. The easiest ascent to the summit of this stupendous mass is from the waterfall at Powerscourt; and the view obtained from it is of the most magnificent character. To the west of the Djouce mountain is Luggelaw, a richly verdant vale, beautifully contrasting with the rugged severity and dreary barrenness of the other parts of this wild and romantic district. This delightful place is commonly visited from Roundwood, and has, under the auspices and by the taste of the La Touche family, been rendered one of the most interesting scenes in the county. The approach to it is over the southern shoulder of the Djouce mountain; and on passing the summit of a ridge which previously presented only bold undulations of dark heath clad mountains, a sudden turn of the road presents a fine view of Lough Tay, overshadowed by the vast granite precipice of Carrigemann on the opposite side, rising in rugged cliffs perpendicularly to the height of 1000 feet. A little further, on the opposite side of the road, an opening discloses a fine view of an extensive glen in the mountain, the precipitous sides of which are richly planted to a certain height, above which they are thinly clad with heath. At the head of the glen are some meadows of beautiful verdure, and a fine lawn shaded by overhanging woods, on which is a handsome lodge in the early English style, built by the late David La Touche, Esq., and now the residence of Robert D. La Touche, Esq. The lodge, which is open to visitors by permission of the family, is approached by a road through the wood, near the margin of the lake, a fine sheet of water comprising 72 Irish acres, and abounding with trout and char. On the side above the house a new hanging walk has been constructed among the plantations, commanding a view of the glen and lake below, and a splendid mountain vista across the lower extremity of Lough Dan, terminating in a prospect of the unrivalled mountain of Lugnaquilla. The other seats in the parish are Ballinastoe, that of G. Bentley, Esq.; Mullinavigne, of-- Smith, Esq.; Tittour, of J. Nuttal, Esq.; and Whitehall, of Capt. Whitmore. The new line of road from Bray to Roundwood, and the Long hill road from Enniskerry to the same place, pass through the parish; but the latter is little used, as there is a branch communicating with the former, on which Major Beresford has built a very neat hotel. The river Liffey has its source near the War hill, in this parish.

The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, instituted by diocesan authority, and in the patronage of the Incumbents of the several parishes of Kilmacanogue and Derralossory, each of whom pays one-third of the curate's stipend of £50 per annum, and has two presentations; and of the Incumbents of Powerscourt and Newcastle, each of whom pays one-sixth, and has one presentation. The church, a neat edifice in the later English style, with a square embattled tower crowned with pinnacles, was built in 1834, on a site near the new line of road, presented by the Earl of Rathdown, and the late Board of First Fruits granted £900 towards its erection; the lower part of the tower is appropriated as a vestry-room. In the R. C. divisions the parish is comprised respectively in the unions or districts of Bray and Powerscourt, Glendalough, and Kilquade. The parochial school is aided by the Earl of Rathdown, who allows a few acres of land rent-free for its support: there is another school at Ballinastoe. In these schools are about 50 boys and 70 girls, and there is also a Sunday school. A dispensary has been lately built at Ballinastoe.

CALEDON, a market and post-town, in the parish of AUGHALOO, barony of DUNGANNON, county of TYRONE, and province of ULSTER, 7 miles (W.) from Armagh, and 70 miles (N. N. W.) from Dublin; containing 1079 inhabitants. This town, which was formerly named Kennard, as it is still frequently called by old people, although its manor, markets, and fairs, are all known by the modern name of Caledon, appears to have been more anciently called Aghaloo, it being the head of the parish of that name, and the site of its venerable church, which was destroyed in the insurrection of 1641. It appears to have been an important military post from a very early period, having been the property and principal residence of one of the princely sept of O'Nial. The first direct mention of it is in 1498, when the Lord-Deputy Kildare marched against Mac Art O'Nial, and having defeated and driven him from his strong hold in Kennard, presented the fortress and territory to the British ally, Tirlagh O'Nial, whose descendants seem never to have been found in arms against England, until Sir Phelim O'Nial headed the insurgents in 1641; for, in the settlement under Jas. I., Tirlagh O'Nial had a grant of Kennard, with 4000 acres. Tirlagh built here a bawn of lime and stone, some time prior to 1619, near which he erected a castle. This was afterwards the residence of Sir Phelim, from which he sallied on the evening of the 22nd of October, 1641, having invited himself to supper with Lord Caulfield, at Charlemont. While at the supper table he made Lord Caulfield a prisoner, and having separated his lordship's family and the garrison, carried them prisoners to Kennard, in the castle of which he put his lordship to death. Sir Phelim, who had been educated as a Protestant in England, soon found himself at the head of 30, 000 men, and waged a sanguinary warfare against the English. The whole of the county of Tyrone remained in the possession of the insurgents till 1646, when Gen. Munroe, at the head of 6000 foot and 800 horse, marched against the Irish under Owen Roe O'Nial. Having passed through Armagh, Munroe, on the 6th of June, crossed the Blackwater at the ford near Kennard, and fought the battle of Benburb, or, as it is here called, Batterford Bridge, in which he was defeated and many British officers and men were slain.

This town, which is situated on the river Blackwater, and on the road from Armagh to Omagh, was, before 1816, a mean village, but is now, through the exertions of the Earl of Caledon, one of the best built towns in the North of Ireland: it contains 226 houses, nearly all of which are built of stone. The neighbourhood presents gentle swells and fertile vales, producing abundant crops. Close to the town are extensive flour-mills, erected by Lord Caledon in 1823, where above 9000 tons of wheat are ground annually, all of which is grown in the vicinity, where scarcely an acre of wheat was sown at the beginning of the century. The Ulster canal, now in the course of formation, passes through the Earl of Caledon's demesne, a little to the westward of the town. The market is on Saturday, and is well attended; and a fair is held on the second Saturday in every month. A constabulary police force has been stationed here; and there are barracks for the militia. A court for the recovery of debts under 40s. is held in the market-house, on the first Monday in each month, for the manor of Caledon, which extends into the parishes of Aughaloo and Clonfeacle, in the county of Tyrone, and of Tynan, in that of Armagh; and petty sessions are held in the town once a fortnight. There are several large and elegant houses in the neighbourhood, the principal of which is Caledon Hill, the seat of the Earl of Caledon, which stands in a richly ornamented demesne of 650 Irish acres, extending beyond the Blackwater into the county of Armagh. Not far distant are Tynan Abbey, the residence of Sir James Stronge, Bart.; Glass-lough, of Mrs. Wynne Leslie; Crilley, of R. Pettigrew, Esq.: Rahaghy, of N. Mayne, Esq.; Annagh, of C. Richardson, Esq.; Drummond, of H. Moore, Esq.; and the glebe-house, of the Rev. E. A. Stopford; besides several large and good houses in the town.

The living was made a perpetual curacy in 1807, and 20 acres were then added to the old glebe, which consisted only of 6 1/2 acres: it is in the diocese of Armagh, and patronage of the Archdeacon. The income is £100 per annum, arising from a salary of £50 paid by the archdeacon; £15, the estimated value of 26 1/2 acres of glebe land; and £35. 2., paid by the trustees of Primate Boulter's augmentation fund. The present church occupies the site of the ancient building, and is the parish church of Aughaloo: it was erected by Primate Robinson, in 1767, during the incumbency of the Rev. C. W. Congreave; the spire was built by the present Lord Caledon, by means of a bequest by his late father; and the church was enlarged and otherwise improved by his lordship. It is a large and handsome edifice, in the later English style of architecture, comprising a nave, chancel, and south transept, and for repairing it the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £175. 8. 11. There are a R. C. chapel and a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. The parochial school is situated near the church: it was built in 1776 by Mr. Congreave, and is endowed with 3 acres of land and 3 tenements given by Primate Robinson, and also with £8 per annum by Lord Caledon. Schools at Ramakit, Curlough, Dyan, and Minterburn, are principally supported by Lord Caledon; there are national schools at Rahaghy and Mullinahorn; and near the demesne is a female school built and supported by the Countess of Caledon, in which 40 girls are clothed and educated. Here is a dispensary; and a mendicity association was established in 1829, to which Lord Caledon subscribes £100 per annum. Among the charitable bequests is £100 left by Alex. Pringle, Esq., and vested in the funds, in the name of Lord Caledon; the interest, with that of several smaller sums, is applied to the relief of the poor. Two extensive lakes existed here formerly, one on the north and the other on the south side of the town, with an island in the centre of each; that on the south has been drained and brought into cultivation; the north lake remains, and the island in it, which borders on the glebe is beautifully planted. Almost the last vestiges of the ancient castle of the O'Nials were removed a few years since, and a clump of trees planted to mark the entrance into the courtyard: some of the flooring of the castle was subsequently discovered, about four feet beneath the surface of the ground, in forming the new road to Aughnacloy. Some old swords and other military instruments have been found in the neighbourhood, and are preserved at Caledon Hill. Caledon gives the titles of Baron, Viscount, and Earl to the family of Alexander, in which the proprietorship of the town is vested. --See AUGHALOO.

CALLABEG, or KILNASEAR, also called LOUGHMOE-EAST, a parish, in the barony of ELIOGARTY, county of TIPPERARY, and province of MUNSTER, 2 1/2 miles (S. E.) from Templemore; containing 1600 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the river Suir, which separates it from Loughmoe-West, and on the road from Templemore to Thurles, and comprises 3417 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act. On the town-land of Killahara is a very fine old castle, which formerly belonged to the Purcells, and is now the property of Mr. Trant. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, and is part of the union of Templetuohy and corps of the prebend of Kilbragh in the cathedral of Cashel: the tithes amount to £249. 17. 9. There is a pay school, in which are about 30 boys and 20 girls.

CALLAGHAN'S MILLS, a village, in the parish of KILLURANE, barony of TULLA, county of CLARE, and province of MUNSTER, 3 miles (S. W.) from Tulla: the population is returned with the parish. It is situated on the high road from Six-mile-bridge to Scariff, and about midway on the road from Tulla to Broadford. Fairs are held on May 8th, June 27th, and Nov. 14th. Here is a R. C. chapel of ease to the parochial chapel of Kilkishen, in which a school is also held under the superintendence of the curate.

CALLAN, an incorporated market and post-town, and a parish (formerly a parliamentary borough), partly in the barony of SHILLELOGHER, but chiefly in that of KELLS, county of KILKENNY, and province of LEINSTER, 8 miles (S. by W.) from Kilkenny, and 65 1/2 (S. W. by S.) from Dublin; containing 6112 inhabitants. This is a place of considerable antiquity, and was the territory or ancient inheritance of the O'Glohernys and the O'Coillys or O'Callans: the Fforstalls or Forestalls, Butlers, and Comerfords had fortified castles here, the ruins of some of which yet exist. It was a walled town, as appears from divers grants of murage to the local authorities. In the year 1261, the native sept of McCarty took up arms and here attacked by surprise John Fitzgerald, whom they slew, together with his son Maurice and several knights and other gentlemen of that family: but from the dissensions which subsequently arose among the Irish themselves, the Fitzgeralds recovered their power and possessions here. The Earl of Desmond, in 1345, summoned a parliament to meet at this place, in opposition to that convened by the English deputy; but the vigorous measures enforced by the latter prevented its assembling. In 1405 a battle was fought near the town between James, Earl of Ormonde, lord-deputy, and the Irish under O'Carroll, aided by the sept of the Burkeens, of the county of Tipperary, in which O'Carroll was slain. James, Earl of Ormonde, founded here an Augustinian friary, the origin of which has by some writers been attributed to Hugh De Mapilton, Bishop of Ossory, about the year 1256: the founder died in 1487, and was interred in it; and at the dissolution it was granted, with its possessions, to Thomas, Earl of Ormonde. In the reign of Elizabeth, the celebrated James Fitz-Maurice of Desmond took this town; and in 1650 it fell into the hands of Cromwell, who, aided by Ireton, besieged it for a few days with great loss of life to the inhabitants.

The town is situated on the King's river, and on the mail coach road from Dublin, by way of Clonmel, to Cork: it is chiefly the property of Viscount Clifden, and consists of four streets meeting in the centre, and in point of size ranks the second in the county, but is very indifferently built; the thoroughfares were formerly very bad, but have been improved in the town, though the roads in the vicinity are still much in need of repair. Many years ago, the late Lord Callan introduced some weavers from Carrick-on-Suir, but the project of establishing the manufacture was soon abandoned. There are a large flour and two grist-mills, but the want of employment for the excessive population is very great. The market is held in a small market-house on Tuesday and Saturday; and a large market for pigs is held every Monday from January to May, attended by buyers from Waterford, Kilkenny, Clonmel, and Carrick-on-Suir, and the sales are very extensive. Fairs for the sale of live stock, wool, and, in autumn, considerable quantities of poultry, are held on May 4th, June 13th, July 10th, Aug. 2lst, Oct. 10th, Nov. 4th, and Dec. 14th; the May, June, July, and October fairs are the principal. Here is a chief station of the constabulary police.

This appears to be a corporation by prescription; and it is recorded that Wm. Mareschal, or Marshall, granted a charter to it in 1217. A writ of the 4th of Rich. II. (1380) recites that the towns of Callan and Kilkenny were part of the lordship of the Earl of Gloucester, and that all merchants and others within that lordship ought to be free of customs and murage, which immunities the sovereigns and commonalties had enjoyed since the foundation of those towns; and commands that they should not be molested against the tenour of such liberties. Other grants were made in the 19th of Rich. II., 4th of Hen. IV., 11th of Eliz., 7th of Chas. I., and 30th of Geo. III. The corporation is styled " the Sovereign, Burgesses, and Freemen of Callan, " and consists of a sovereign and an undefined number of burgesses and freemen, with two bailiffs and a town-clerk. The sovereign is elected annually by the burgesses and freemen: the latter are about 20 in number, and are admitted for life by the corporation at large. The borough sent representatives to the Irish parliament of the 27th of Elizabeth, and thenceforth without intermission until the Union, when it was disfranchised, and the £15, 000 awarded in compensation for the abolition of its electoral rights was paid to George, Lord Callan. The town court is held before the sovereign or his deputy generally every Monday, but sometimes on other days, for the recovery of debts not exceeding 40s. late currency. The limits of the borough include the entire town and a considerable space round it, but extend unequally in different directions, from half a mile to nearly two miles. The corporation has a small property in lands and houses, let for about £15 per annum, but derives its principal revenue from the customs, which on an average yield about £50 per annum.

The parish comprises 4700 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £5798 per annum; about 600 acres were enclosed under an act in 1831. The whole is capable of tillage, and, with very trifling exceptions, is in cultivation; vast quantities of limestone are procured and burnt for manure. West Court, situated in a very neat demesne and surrounded by trees of stately growth, is the residence of the Rev. C. Butler Stephenson, the rector; it formerly belonged to Lord Callan, and prior to that was the property of the Earl of Desart. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, united by act of council, in 1763, to the rectories and vicarages of Tullaroan, Tullamain, Coolaghmore, Killaloe, and Ballycallan, together forming the union of Callan, in the alternate patronage of the Crown and the Marquess of Ormonde. The tithes amount to £550, and of the entire benefice to £2338. 19. 10. There are two churches in the union, one at Callan, and the other at Ballycallan. The parish church, which was very extensive, was formerly occupied by Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, under an abbot: the ante-chapel is in ruins, but displays two windows of beautiful design and in good preservation, and there are several tombstones of considerable antiquity, some of which are elaborately carved, with a handsome monument to the Comerfords; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently granted £393 for the repairs of this church. The church at Ballycallan, distant about four miles, is a small edifice, built about 60 years since at the request of several of the inhabitants. There is no glebe-house: the glebe lands of the union are in divers places, and comprise 32 acres. In the ante-chapel at Callan was a shrine under the invocation of the Holy Trinity and St. Catherine, for the purpose of saying mass for the repose of the noble family of Desart: this foundation still exists as a chaplaincy, in the gift of the Earl of Desart; it has no cure of souls, but the chaplain is required to attend visitations. In the R. C. divisions this parish is partly in the union or district of Ballycallan; and the remainder forms the head of a union, comprising also the parishes of Coolaghmore, Tullamain, Earlstown, and part of that of Kells, called Mallards-town. The latter union or district contains three parochial chapels, situated respectively at Callan, New-town, and Coologh. The chapel at Callan is a spacious edifice, not quite finished, in the southern part of the town; the interior is very neat, and the ceiling is chastely and handsomely carved. The chapel or (as it is called) church of the Augustinian friary was erected through the exertions of the very Rev. John Rice, at an expense of £4000: the building, which was commenced in 1810 and completed in a few years, is of hewn stone, in the ancient English style of architecture, and has a beautifully groined ceiling: the altar-piece is the copy of a design by Dominichini, by an Italian artist; and on each side of the altar is a niche, in which it is intended to place two marble statues, now in progress of execution at Rome by Mr. Hogan. The chapel is situated on the declivity of a hill; and in the basement story are apartments for the clergymen, harmonising with the general design of the building, and fronting a small lawn environed by gravel walks enclosed between fences of beech trees, and bounded by the King's river, which is crossed by a neat wooden bridge leading into the abbey field, in which are situated the venerable ruins of the ancient friary, consisting principally of a tower 90 feet high. The friary is occupied by three Augustinian friars of a different order from the Canons Regular previously noticed. The Protestant parochial school, in which are about 20 boys and 20 girls, is aided by donations from Lord Clifden and the incumbent, who also contribute to the support of a sewing school. A national school, in which on an average 212 boys daily attend, is endowed with 25 acres, parcel of the late commons, by the act of 1831; and another has been lately opened for girls, of whom I67 daily attend on an average. There are also several private schools in the parish. A dispensary is maintained in the customary manner; and a loan fund has been lately established. Callan gives the title of Viscount in the peerage of Ireland to the family of Feilding, Earls of Denbigh, in right of their superior title of Earl of Desmond.

CALLIAGHSTOWN, a parish, in the barony of NEWCASTLE, county of DUBLIN, and province of LEINSTER, contiguous to the post-town of Rathcoole; containing 67 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Dublin to Naas, and comprises about 972 statute acres of arable and pasture land. For all civil purposes it is considered a townland in the parish of Rathcoole, and even in ecclesiastical affairs is regarded only as a chapelry in that parish. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, forming part of the union of Rathcoole, in which its tithes are included.

CALRY, or COLRY, a parish, in the barony of UPPER CARBERY, county of SLIGO, and province of CONNAUGHT; containing, with a part of the borough and sea-port town of Sligo, 6247 inhabitants, of which number 3741 are within the borough of Sligo. This parish is situated on the river Garvogue, which separates it from the parish of St. John, in its course from Lough Gill to the sea, and on the roads from Ballyshannon and Enniskillen to Sligo. It contains 4383 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act: the land is generally light, with a small quantity of bog and some mountain wastes, and is principally under tillage; the state of agriculture is improving; there is an abundance of limestone, which is used for building. The manufacture of linen was formerly carried on extensively, but few are now employed in it. Lough Gill, part of which is in the parish, is an extensive and beautiful sheet of water, about a mile and a half from Sligo, with which it is connected by the river Garvogue, that is navigable for large boats seven or eight miles. The scenery is very romantic, and is greatly embellished with the highly cultivated demesne of Hazlewood, the handsome residence of Owen Wynne, Esq. The lough is studded with islands, of which Church and Cottage islands are the largest. At Hollywell is another demesne belonging to Mr. Wynne, from which mountains covered with wood, the lake with its numerous islands, and the road sometimes running under stupendous rocks and sometimes through small planted glens, present scenes of great beauty. The other seats are Percy Mount, that of Sir Percy Gethin, Bart; Colga House, of T. Homan, Esq.; Ballyglass, of Gowan Gilmore, Esq.; Faught's Cottage, of R. Christian, Esq.; Willsboro, of W. Fausset, Esq.; Willybrook, of the Ormsby family; Barroe House, of Holies Clarke, Esq.; Rathbracken Cottage, of W. Christian, Esq.; Mount Shannon, of H. H. Slade, Esq.; Shannon, of Edward Patterson, Esq.; the Cottage, of J. Gethin, Esq.; Ballyternin House, of Mrs. Griffiths; and Ellenville, of H. Irwin, Esq., M. D.

The living consists of a vicarage and perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Elphin, the former being part of the union of St. John's, Sligo, and the latter in the patronage of the Incumbent of St. John's; the rectory is appropriate to the vicars choral of the cathedral of Christ-Church, Dublin. The tithes amount to £353. 11. 7., payable in moieties to the vicars choral and the vicar. The income of the perpetual curacy amounts to £73. 1. 6., arising from £23. 1. 6. paid by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and £50 from the vicars choral. The church, belonging to the perpetual cure, is a handsome structure in the later English style, with a beautiful spire: it was built by aid of a gift and loan from the late Board of First Fruits, in 1823. The glebe-house was also built by aid of a gift of £112 and a loan of £37, in 1821, from the same Board. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Sligo; the chapel is at Colga, Here are a school established and supported by the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity; a female parochial school at Calry; and a school at Ballin, which was built by John Wynne, Esq., at an expense of £250, and supported by that gentleman. About 120 boys and 70 girls are educated in these schools; and there are also a private school of about 50 boys and 30 girls, and five Sunday schools. The part of the parish that is within the town of Sligo contains the county infirmary, fever hospital, and dispensary. The remains of antiquity consist of the Sod fort, which was defended by Sir Teague O'Regan against Wm. III., the ruins of some churches in Church and Cottage islands, and what are supposed to be druidical remains in Mr. Wynne's park at Hazlewood.

CALTRA, or CALTRAGH, a village, in the parish of CASTLE-BLAKENEY, barony of KILCONNELL, county of GALWAY, and province of CONNAUGHT, 1 mile (E.) from Castle-Blakeney; containing 200 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Tuam to Ballinasloe, and has four fairs, which are held on May 14th, July 16th, Sept. 21st, and Dec. 14th.

CALVERSTOWN, a village, in the parish of DAVIDS-TOWN, barony of NARRAGH and RHEBAN EAST, county of KILDARE, and province of LEINSTER, 1 mile (N.) from Ballytore; containing 22 houses and 150 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Dublin to Carlow, and has two fairs on May 1st and Sept. 21st.

CALVES ISLANDS, in the parishes of KILCOE and SKULL, barony of WEST CARBERY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 6 miles (S. W.) from Ballydehob; containing 86 inhabitants. They are three in number, and are situated at the entrance to Roaring-water bay, off the harbour of Skull: the largest, called the Middle Calf, contains 78 statute acres; the second in size, called the East Calf, contains 75 acres; and the third, called Leacrer, or the West Calf, 65 acres. There are two families in West Calf, and six in Middle Calf, which belong to the parish of Skull, and five families in East Calf, which forms part of the parish of Kilcoe. The islands are contiguous, lying in a line nearly east and west, about midway between Cape Clear and Long island, and about 5 Irish or 6 1/4 British miles from the mainland. A school was established in 1835 on the Middle island, in which all the children and adults of these islands may receive gratuitous education; 18 children and 14 adults were in this school at the commencement of 1836.

CAMLIN, or CRUMLIN, a parish, in the barony of UPPER MASSAREENE, county of ANTRIM, and province of ULSTER; containing, with the post-town of Crumlin, 1274 inhabitants. This parish is situated on Lough Neagh, by which it is bounded on the west, and on the road from Antrim to Lurgan; it comprises, according to the Ordnance survey, 6417 1/4 statute acres, of which 5455 are applotted under the tithe act, and 708 1/4 form part of the lake. About three-fourths of the parish are good arable land, and the remainder is pasture. The system of agriculture is greatly improved, and the whole of the parish is in an excellent state of cultivation, and is well fenced, drained, and planted: wheat, which was scarcely raised in the district, has, since the establishment of large flour-mills at Crumlin, been extensively cultivated, and now forms the principal feature in its agriculture. Limestone is extensively quarried for agricultural and other purposes. The principal seats are Thistleborough, that of James Whittle, Esq.; Gobrana, of J. Whitla, Esq.; and Cherry Valley, of C. W. Armstrong, Esq. Independently of agricultural pursuits, several hundreds of the population are employed in weaving linens and cottons for the manufacturers of Belfast and its neighbourhood; here are also a flax and a flour-mill. Fairs are held monthly for cattle and pigs, and of late very valuable horses have been sold. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Connor, and is part of the union of Glenavy; the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Hertford. The tithes amount to £195, of which £43. 5. is payable to the impropriator, and £151. 15. to the incumbent. The church is a fine ruin; it was destroyed by the army of Jas. II., who had its depot here in 1689: in the north and south walls are series of sepulchral arches continued the entire length of the building, and nearly in a perfect state. In the R. C. divisions also it forms part of the union or district of Glenavy. There is a place of worship for Presbyterians in connection with the Remonstrant Synod, of the second class. The parochial school is supported by the vicar; and a school is supported by the Hon. Col. Pakenham, who erected for it a large and handsome school-house, and occasionally provides clothing for the scholars. In these schools are about 90 boys and 60 girls; and there are also three pay schools, in which are about 60 boys and 50 girls, and three Sunday schools. Dr. William Crawford, author of "Remarks on Chesterfield's Letters, " "History of Ireland, " and other works; and Adam Crawford, Esq., M. D., author of an " Experimental Essay on Animal Heat, " and compiler of the transactions of the Royal Society, were natives of Crumlin, which see.

CAMLOUGH, an ecclesiastical district, in the barony of UPPER ORIOR, county of ARMAGH, and province of ULSTER, 3 miles (W.) from Newry; containing 5822 inhabitants. This was anciently part of the O'Hanlons' country, and at the general plantation of Ulster, 1000 acres, or 12 townlands, with the manor of Maghernahely, were granted to Henry Mac Shane O'Nial for life, and after his death to Sir Toby Caulfield, who built an extensive bawn of stone and lime at Maghernahely, on the site of an ancient church. At Corrinchigo, in this district, Sir John Davis had at the same time a grant of 500 acres; but neglecting to plant or tenant the allotment, it was resumed and granted to Sir Oliver St. John, and is now the property of Viscount Mandeville. Cam-lough was formerly part of the extensive parish of Killevey, which, for ecclesiastical purposes, was divided into two parts in 1773. It is situated on the road from Newry to Newtown-Hamilton, and on a lake called Camlough, or "the Crooked Lough; " and comprises 10,176 statute acres, of which 2415 are mountain and bog, and 144 lake and water. The greater portion of the land is remarkably good, and in an excellent state of cultivation. Much of the mountain land cannot be brought into cultivation, although in many places there is sufficient depth of soil for the growth of forest trees. Near the village is the lake from which it derives its name, a fine sheet of water comprising 90 acres, a stream issuing from which flows in a northern direction to the Newry water, and gives motion to the machinery of several corn and flour, flax, spinning, and scutch-mills, besides beetling-engines, spade manufactories, and bleach-greens. At Bessbrook are very extensive mills for spinning linen yarn, worked by steam and water, and furnishing employment to 180 persons. Here are also two spade-forges, and two extensive bleach-greens but only the beetling-engines of the last are at present employed. A fair is held on the third Monday in each month; and a constabulary police force has been stationed here. There are several large and handsome houses in the district, the chief of which are Divernagh House, the residence of J. White, Esq,, and Bessbrook, of J. Nicholson, Esq.

The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Precentor of the cathedral church of St. Patrick, Armagh: the curate's income is derived from the tithes of five-townlands, amounting to £146. 2. 10. The church is a small edifice, with a tower and low spire, and is one of the numerous churches built by Primate Robinson; it was erected in 1774, but not consecrated till 1785, and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently granted £150. 5. 9. for its repair. The glebe-house is situated at Ballintemple, three miles from the church, on a glebe of 80 statute acres: it was built in 1805, for which the late Board of First Fruits granted £150. In the R. C. divisions this is the head of a union or district, also called Carrickcruppin, comprising Camlough and part of the parish of Killevey, and containing three chapels, two in Camlough, situated respectively at Carrickcruppin and Lisslea, and the third at Killevey. A school at Sturgan, under the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, is endowed with £30 per ann., and with two acres of land and a residence for the master. There are a school of 65 children at Maghernahely, and one of 80 at Divernagh; a school at Corrinchigo was built and is supported by Lord Mandeville; and a handsome school-house has been lately built in the village, in connection with the National Board, aided by the noble proprietor, the Earl of Charlemont. In the townland of Aughnacloghmullan there is an extraordinary cairn, 44 yards in length by 22 in breadth: it contains a chamber, 19 yards long, and divided into four compartments, and is formed of upright stones, about seven feet high, surmounted by very large stone slabs, the whole covered with loose stones and earth. The walls of the bawn erected by Sir Toby Caulfield remain almost entire, and exhibit many of the hewn stones of the ancient abbey of Killevey. A little eastward of these walls stands the shaft of an elegant cross, of which the rest lies in a ditch. Some of the mullions of the windows of the abbey are seen in the walls at Divernagh; and an elegant silver medal was found near its site, and is now in the possession of W. W. Algeo, Esq. The Rev. H. Boyd, translator of Dante's "Divina Comedia, " was perpetual curate of this parish.

CAMMA, a parish, in the barony of ATHLONE, county of ROSCOMMON, and province of CONNAUGHT, 8 miles (W. N. W.) from Athlone; containing 4115 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Athlone to Mount-Talbot, and comprises 10, 114 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act. The land is chiefly under tillage; there are about 648 acres of bog, but no waste laud; the system of agriculture is improving; limestone is quarried for agriculture and other uses. The principal seats are Lysterfield, that of J. Lyster, Esq.; Curraboy House, of J. Byrne, Esq.; and Milltown, of G. King, Esq. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, and is part of the union of Kiltoom; the rectory is impropriate in Lord Kingsland. The tithes amount to £195, of which £85 is payable to the impropriator, and €110 to the incumbent. In the R. C. divisions it is the head of a union or district, including also the parish of Kiltoom; there is a chapel at Curraboy, and also one in the parish of Kiltoom. At Carrick is a national school, in which are about 80 boys and 30 girls: and there are four pay schools, in which are about 160 boys and 70 girls. Only the ruins of the. old parish church, with a burial-ground, remain; and there are some ruins of the old castle of Curraboy, built by the Dillons, near which are several raths or forts.

CAMOLIN, a post-town, in the parish of TOMB, barony of SCARAWALSH, county of WEXFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 20 3/4 miles (N.) from Wexford, and 53 3/4 (S.) from Dublin; containing 639 inhabitants. This place derives its name from a religious house founded, according to Alban Butler, by St. Molin, second Bishop of Ferns, who died in the 7th century, and of which there are still some remains on the Mountnorris estate. It is situated on the river Bann, on the mail coach road from Gorey to Wexford, and contains 112 houses. Immediately adjoining is Park View, the residence of H. Parke, Esq. A constabulary police force is stationed here; and fairs for cattle and pigs are held on Feb. 9th, April 4th, June 9th (which is the principal fair), Aug. 9th, Sept. 28th, and Nov. 9th. The parish church of Tomb, and the R. C. chapel of the district of Camolin, are situated in the village; and there is a dispensary. --See TOMB.

CAMUS-juxta-BANN. --See MACOSQUIN.

CAMUS-juxta-MORNE, a parish, in the barony of STRABANE, county of TYRONE, and province of ULSTER; containing, with part of the town of Strabane, 6570 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the old road from Dublin to Londonderry, and on the river Morne, comprises, according to the Ordnance survey (including 20 3/4 acres in Lyons island), 7505 3/4 statute acres, of which 103 3/4 are water, about 4540 are arable and pasture land, and the remainder mountain and bog; 6743 acres are applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £3078 per annum. The land, although in some places rocky, is generally very fertile, producing abundant crops, particularly in the vale of Morne. The inhabitants combine the weaving of linen with their agricultural pursuits. The principal houses are Milltown Lodge, the residence of Major Humphries, and the glebe-house, of the Rev. J. Smith. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and in the patronage of the Bishop: the tithes amount to £468. The church is in the town of Strabane, and is a large and handsome edifice, for the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently granted £184. 4. 2.: it was originally built as a chapel for the new town of Strabane, by the Earl of Abercorn, in 1619, and has been used as the parish church since the destruction of the mother church, about the middle of the 17th century. The glebe-house was built by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of £800 from the late Board of First Fruits, in 1832, upon the townland of Bierney, which constitutes the glebe, comprising 300 acres, and is more than three miles from the church. In the R. C. divisions the parish is the head of a union or district called Clonleigh and Camus, and comprising both those parishes: there are two chapels in the union, of which that of Camus, in the town of Strabane, is a large plain edifice. There is a large meeting-house for Presbyterians in connection with the Synod of Ulster, of the first class; and there are places of worship for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. The parochial school, on the glebe of Bierney, is supported by the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, and the master has a rent-free residence and two acres of land. At Milltown is a school for boys and girls, erected by the Marquess of Abercorn, a large and handsome building, with a separate residence for the master and mistress, each of whom receives £20 a year from the Marquess, who also aids a school established at Edymon; and there is a national school at Strabane. About 160 boys and 100 girls are educated in these schools. Prior to 1829 a blue-coat school existed here, with an income of £30 per annum, which sum is now applied to clothing 12 boys. Near Milltown school are the dispensary and fever hospital belonging to Strabane; they are large and well ventilated buildings, admirably arranged for their purposes. The ruins of the old parish church are situated on the banks of the Mourne: it was founded by St. Colgan in 586, and destroyed during the insurrection of 1641. --See STRABANE.

CANICE (ST. ). --See KILKENNY.

CANNAWAY, or CANNABOY, a parish, in the barony of EAST MUSKERRY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER; containing, with the village and post-town of Killinardrish, 1518 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the south side of the river Lee, and is connected with the parish of Macroom by a noble bridge at Coolcour, and with that of Magourne by the ancient bridge of Carrigadrohid. It contains 5414 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £4274 per annum. There are about 300 acres of woodland, 100 of bog, and a good deal of rocky waste; the remainder is almost equally divided between pasture and arable land, the latter producing good crops; there are also some dairy farms, the butter from which is sent to Cork market. At Barnateampul is a tract of bog, which supplies the inhabitants with fuel. The river Lee here flows with great rapidity, particularly after heavy rains, when it inundates the adjacent country to a considerable distance. The scenery presents an alternation of rock and meadow, the latter receding into small deep glens covered with wood, which produce a very pleasing effect. The principal seats are Killinardrish House, the residence of R. Crooke, Esq.; Nettleville Hall, of R. Neville Nettles, Esq.; Llandangan, of S. Penrose, Esq.; Rockbridge Cottage, of Lieut. -Col. White; Forest, of T, Gollock, Esq.; Oak Grove, of J. Bowen, Esq.; Coolalta, of W. Furlong, Esq.; and an elegant Italian lodge, lately built by R. J. O'Donoghue, Esq. Petty sessions are held at Shandangan every alternate Wednesday.

The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the rectory is part of the union of Kilcoan and corps of the prebend of Killaspigmullane, in the cathedral church of St. Finbarr, Cork. The tithes amount to £267. 6. 1 3/4., of which £55 is payable to the prebendary, and the remainder to the vicar. The church is a plain building, with a lofty square tower, on a high hill about a mile and a half west of Killinardrish; its erection was aided by a gift of £600 from the late Board of First Fruits, in 1814. There is no glebe-house, but a glebe of about five acres. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Kilmurry; there is a neat chapel at Barnateampul. The male and female parochial school is chiefly supported by the vicar, as is also the Sunday school. --See KILLINARDRISH.

CANON ISLAND, or INNISNEGANANAGH, an island, in the parish of KILDYSART, barony of CLONDERLAW, county of CLARE, and province of MUNSTER, about 1 1/2 mile (E.) from Kildysart: the population is returned with the parish. It is situated at the confluence of the Shannon and Fergus, about 3/4 of a mile from the shore, and contains 207 acres of excellent land, partly under tillage, the sea-weed collected on its shores being used as manure. It was anciently called Elanagranoch; and here Donald O'Brien, king of Limerick, in the 12th century, founded or rebuilt a priory for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine. A moiety of the priory, with the various lands, tithes, profits, and demesne lands thereof, was granted in fee, in 1605, to Donogh, Earl of Thomond, and was afterwards granted in fee, or confirmed, to his successor, Henry, in 1661. The ruins, which are situated at the north-eastern extremity of the island, consist of a square tower and a considerable portion of the body of the building, which is said to have covered a quarter of an acre.

CAPE CLEAR ISLAND, a parish, in the Eastern Division of the barony of WEST CARBERY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 16 miles (S. by W.) from Skibbereen; containing 1059 inhabitants. This island, called by the Irish Innish Dharnley, and in ecclesiastical records Insula Sanctae Clara, though at a much greater distance from the mainland, may be regarded as the principal of a large cluster of islands in the Atlantic ocean, lying off the coast of Carbery, and situated between Dundedy Head and Brow Head, which latter was the Notium of Ptolemy. It is separated from the mainland by the sound of Gaskenane, in which is always a strong tide, and in high winds a very heavy sea; and having, consequently, less intercourse with it than the islands nearer the coast, the native inhabitants have retained more of their original manners, language, and customs. The island, which is now the property of Sir William Wrixon Becher, Bart., is three miles in length and one mile and a half in breadth, and comprehends 17 town-lands comprising 1400 acres, of which 649 are subdivided into 137 small farms of about 5 acres each, and about 200 acres are arable and the remainder rough pasture land. The soil is shallow and would be unproductive, but for a careful system of cultivation, entirely performed by the women, and wholly with the spade. The chief crops are oats and potatoes; the quantities raised in some seasons are inadequate to the supply of the inhabitants: the manure is sand and seaweed, which the women collect upon the strand, and carry on their backs up the steep and dangerous cliffs that surround the island, which is accessible only by two small harbours by which it is nearly intersected from north to south. The chief supply of fuel is brought from the mainland, as the island itself affords none, except what is made of a black mud found near the western lake, and baked during the summer; the inhabitants suffer extreme privations in winter from the scarcity of fuel. Flax is grown in some parts and spun into yarn, and coarse woollen cloths are manufactured, for domestic use which, instead of being thickened by mills, are put into pools of water and trampled by the younger and more active females. All the more elevated parts of the island are of the schistus formation, but in several parts, near the level of the sea, good freestone is found in abundance.

The scenery is extremely wild and romantic, particularly on the south side of the island, where it presents to the Atlantic a steep and inaccessible cliff. At the south-west point of the island, overhanging the sea, and accessible only by a narrow and dangerous pathway, not more than three feet in breadth, are the ruins of Dunanore castle, or the "Golden Fort, " which, from its distance from all the landing places, would appear to have been built more for the purpose of a safe retreat in case of invasion, than for the defence of the shores: the view from the battlements is very extensive, and embraces a great variety of objects of a bold and imposing character. In the south-western part are three fresh water lakes, one called Lough Erral, the water of which has a saponaceous and powerfully detersive quality, cleansing in a short time any vessel that may be thrown into it; this water, which is used for washing and for cleaning flax, has been analysed by Dr. Rutty and found to contain a portion of natron, to which he attributes its cleansing properties. There is also a lake near the western coast, remarkable for the number and size of its eels; and there are numerous springs of excellent fresh water in several parts. The men are wholly employed in fishing, for which the. island is admirably adapted: they leave home every Monday or Tuesday morning during the summer season, and return on Friday evening or Saturday morning. Their fishing craft and tackle have been much improved since the establishment of the late Fishery Board: they now go out to sea in hookers, or half-decked vessels, to the distance of 20 or 30 leagues. On their return, the fish are given to the women to cure, and the men generally spend their time in leisure and recreation till the day of their departure next. The fish, when cured, is sold to retail merchants who visit the island for that purpose; and should any remain unsold, it is sent to the Cork market. The men are expert and resolute seamen, and the best pilots on the coast; they are remarkable for discerning land at a distance in snowy or foggy weather, possess an uncommon sagacity in discovering the approach of bad weather, and are exceedingly skilful in the management of their vessels. The inhabitants seldom leave home unless to sell their fish, or to supply themselves with necessaries from the mainland. The cattle and sheep are very small, and there are only four horses on the island. The wool is exceedingly fine, which is attributable to the pasturage, as sheep brought in from the mainland produce in a short time a fleece of excellent quality. A good harbour has been formed, and a neat pier constructed on the south side of the island, at the joint expense of Sir W. W. Becher, Bart., and the late Fishery Board.

Cape Clear is well known to mariners as a conspicuous landmark. On the south side of the island is a lighthouse, erected by the corporation for improving the port of Dublin; it exhibits a bright revolving light of 21 lamps, of which, seven become visible every two minutes; the lantern has an elevation of 480 feet above the level of the sea, and in clear weather the light may be seen from all points at a distance of 28 nautical miles. Adjoining the lighthouse is the signal tower, erected after the attempt of the French to land at Ban-try bay, and purchased by the above corporation. On the north side of the island, and about a quarter of a mile from the shore, vessels may anchor in moderate weather. About four miles (W.) from Cape Clear is Fastnet rock, famous for the quantities of ling, hake, &c, taken near it. According to the census of 1831, there were 206 houses occupied by 200 families; the houses are mostly built of stone and thatched; and from the unsheltered situation of the island, exposed to every raging blast; the inhabitants are obliged to secure the thatch on the roofs by an interwoven covering of netting or matting kept down by heavy stones. There is a coast-guard station on the island.

It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ross, and is part of the union of Kilcoe; the rectory is impropriate in Sir W. W. Becher, Bart. The tithes amount to £34, of which one-half is payable to the impropriator, and one-half to the vicar. There is neither church nor glebe-house; divine service is occasionally performed in the tower of the lighthouse. The glebe, on which are the ruins of an ancient church, comprises 25a. 3r. 26p. In the R. C. divisions this island is the head of a union or district, comprising also the island of Innisherkin, and containing in each a chapel, of which the chapel here is a small thatched building. There is a national school, in which are about 40 boys and 20 girls. Not far from the harbour are the ruins of St. Kiaran’s church; on the shore is an ancient stone with a cross rudely sculptured on it, and at a short distance a holy well. Till about the year 1710, the islanders had a resident king chosen by and from among themselves, and an ancient code of laws handed down by tradition, which it was his duty to administer; and though the king had neither funds for the maintenance of his dignity, nor officers to enforce his authority, the people generally submitted voluntarily to these laws, and were always ready to carry his judgments into execution. The greater number of the laws are become obsolete, but some still remain and are enforced with rigour. The island was formerly remarkable for a race of men of extraordinary stature and strength, whose feats are the subject of many interesting narratives. The O'Driscolls, several of whom were kings of the island, were the most celebrated; they had large possessions and held five or six castles in different parts of the country, which were all forfeited in the insurrection of 1601, after which they emigrated to Spain, leaving behind them only their dependents, whose posterity have long since mingled with the peasantry.

CAPELL, or CABLE ISLAND, in the parish of KILMACDONOUGH, barony of IMOKILLY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 5 miles (S.) from Youghal. This island, which is uninhabited, lies at the entrance to Youghal bay, off Ring Point, in lat. 51° 53' 30", and lon. 7° 51' 30". Being high and precipitous, it is difficult of access, except in calm weather; its south-western side has been much excavated by the waves, and at the base of some of the cliffs are huge detached masses of rock. It is the property of the Marquess of Thomond, and contains about 30 acres of excellent pasturage for sheep. Its elevation and central position point it out as an admirable situation for a lighthouse, which would be of great benefit to vessels entering Youghal bay and to the trade of Cork harbour. On this island the Capells, or Supples, as they are called in Irish, are said to have landed at the period of the first English invasion, and from them it takes its name, although it is laid down in most charts and maps as Cable Island; but so early as the reign of Rich. III., and frequently since, it is mentioned in the charters of Youghal as Capell Island, having been made one of the boundaries of the admiralty jurisdiction and port of Youghal, as well by land as by water.

CAPPACLOUGH, a village, in the parish of KILGOBBIN, barony of CORKAGUINEY, county of KERRY, and province of MUNSTER, about 9 miles (W. S. W.) from Tralee; containing 419 inhabitants. It is situated on the old road from Tralee to Dingle, and contains the ruins of the old R. C. chapel, which gives name to the parochial district; a new chapel has been built near the village, at Camp, where are the ruin's of an old castle.

CAPPAGH, or CAPPA, a parish, in the Shanid Division of the barony of LOWER CONNELLO, county of LIMERICK, and province of MUNSTER, 4 miles (W.) from Adare; containing 694 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road from Adare to Shanagolden, and comprises 1124 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act. The soil in some parts is good, but a great proportion of the parish is stony, and in some places the limestone rock rises above the surface; on its border, next to Rathkeale, are some exhausted bogs. The village is a station of the constabulary police; and not far from it is Cappagh House, the residence of R. Peppard, Esq. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, and is part of the union of St. Mary and corps of the deanery of Limerick: the tithes amount to £95. The church is in ruins, and there is no glebe-house, but a glebe comprising above eight acres. In the R. C. divisions it forms part of the union or district of Stonehall and Cappagh; the chapel is a large plain thatched edifice. There is a private school of 50 children in the parish. Near Cappagh House are the ruins of Cappagh castle, built by Dermod Mac Einery in the reign of King John, and having fallen into the hands of the Geraldines it shared the fate of their numerous other castles, being confiscated for their rebellion against Queen Elizabeth; it stands on an artificial mound, and the ruins are 90 feet high and form an interesting feature of the landscape.

CAPPAGH, a parish, partly in the barony of OMAGH, but chiefly in that of STRABANE, county of TYRONE, and province of ULSTER, 2 miles (N.) from Omagh; containing, with the district parish of Mountfield, 13, 589 inhabitants. This parish, according to the Ordnance survey, comprises 37, 670 1/2 statute acres, of which 34, 626 3/4 are in Strabane, and 3043 3/4 in Omagh; the applotment under the tithe act embraces 16, 097 acres, and 266 3/4 are water. The greater part of the land is reclaimed bog or mountain, and about 1500 acres are woodland: in some places the land is remarkably good, particularly in the eastern part of the parish, but not more than one-fourth is cultivated. Part of the mountains of Bessy Bell, Mary Gray, and Mullaghcairn are in this parish, and afford good pasturage for cattle to their very summits. The inhabitants combine with agricultural pursuits the spinning of flax and weaving of linen. There is abundance of freestone, with limestone of inferior quality, and several indications of coal are met with. Gortin gap, through which a road runs from Omagh to Gortin, is a deep ravine stretching in a northern and southern direction through Mullaghcairn or Cairntogher, which is the highest mountain in the county. There are several handsome houses in the parish, the principal of which are Mountjoy Cottage, the residence of C. J. Gardiner, Esq.; Mount Pleasant, of the Rev. C. Cregan; Facary Lodge, of Sir W. McMahon, Bart.; Mount-field Lodge, of the Rev. Mr. Stack; Lislimanahan, of Capt. Hill; Lisanally, of G. Norris, Esq.; Millbank, of H. Peebles, Esq.; Mullaghmore, of R. Burges, Esq; and Ergennagh glebe-house, of the Rev. H. H. Harte. The improvements made during the last 50 years are very extensive; the late Lord Mountjoy commenced planting the demesne of Rash, now called Mountjoy Forest, in 1780, and much of the timber is large and very promising. The late Sir W. McMahon built a very handsome house, surrounded by extensive plantations, at Facary, and also laid out a town at Mountfield, where markets and fairs will be held. A new road has been opened through the parish, direct from Omagh to Belfast.

The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and in the patronage of the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin: the tithes amount to £1000. The church is a large and handsome edifice, in the Grecian style, with a lofty and beautiful octagonal spire: it was erected in Mountjoy Forest, in 1768, at the sole expense of Dr. Gibson, then rector. The glebe-house is being rebuilt upon an enlarged scale: the glebe consists of 573 acres, about half a mile from the church, and of two other portions containing 999 acres, making a total of 1572 acres, only 410 of which are under cultivation. There is a chapel of ease at Mountfield, four miles from the church; it is a small but very beautiful edifice, with a lofty spire, standing on the south side of a high mountain, and was built at an expense of £1000 by the late Board of First Fruits, in 1828: the living is a perpetual curacy, endowed with £25 per ann. from Primate Boulter's fund, and in the gift of the Rector. Divine service is also performed, every second Sunday, in the school-houses of Calkill, Carrigan, Castletown, Taercur, and Mayne. The R. C. parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and has two chapels, one at Knockmoyle, the other at Killyclogher. There are places of worship for Baptists and Presbyterians of the Synod of Ulster, the latter of the third class. The male and female parochial schools are situated on the glebe, and are supported by the rector, who has given the master a house and three acres of land. Mountfield male and female schools were supported by the late Sir W. McMahon; a school at Knockmoyle was founded under the will of John McEvoy, who endowed it with £16 per annum, for the gratuitous education of the poor children in Mountjoy Forest, and vested its management in the Rector for ever. There are also schools at Carrigan, Taercur, Killynure, Common, Crevenagh, and Lislap; six under the National Board, at Castlerody, Killyclegher, Carrigan, Tetraconaght, Beltony, and Rathcarsan; and other schools at Edenderry, Calkill, and Drummullard. In these schools are about 770 boys and 450 girls; and there are also four private schools, containing about 90 boys and 40 girls, and six Sunday schools. The ruins of the old church are scarcely discernible, but the cemetery is much used. There are several forts on Mary Gray mountain, close to each other.

CAPPAGHWHITE, a village, in the parish of TOOM, barony of KILNEMANAGH, county of TIPPERARY, and province of MUNSTER, 6 1/2 miles (N.) from Tipperary; containing 695 inhabitants. This place, which has been much improved within the last forty years, and contains 115 houses, is situated on the new line of road from Tipperary to Nenagh, to the former of which it has a penny post. It is a constabulary police station; fairs are held on June 4th, July 27th, Sept. 29th, Nov. 16th, and Dec. 21st; and there are a R. C chapel and a dispensary. Cappagh House is the residence of Mrs. Fitzmaurice Hunt. Five hundred acres of land near the village were, about seven years since, leased by Col. Purefoy to the Mining Company of Ireland, who after incurring some expense in searching for copper, relinquished the enterprise.

CAPPAMORE, or TUORAGH, a village, partly in the parish of DOON, and partly in that of TUORAGH, barony of OWNEYBEG, county of LIMERICK, and province of MUNSTER, 10 miles (S. E.) from Limerick; containing 711 inhabitants. This village is situated near the banks of the small river Mulcairn, over which is a handsome stone bridge, and on the road from Limerick to Templemore; it consists chiefly of two irregularly built streets. Fairs are held on April 20th, July 1st, Sept. 20th, and Dec. 12th, for cattle and pigs. A spacious chapel is now in progress of erection for the R. C. district of Cappamore, which includes the parish of Tuoragh and part of the parishes of Doon and Abington.

CAPPANACOSS, or CAPPANACUSH, the chief of a group of islands of that name, in the parish of TEMPLENOE, barony of DUNKERRON, county of KERRY, and province of MUNSTER, about 3 miles (S. W. by W.) from Kenmare: the population is included in the return for the parish. It is situated in the river Kenmare, and consists entirely of limestone rock, in some places approaching to a grey marble, and said to have been formerly worked by Sir William Petty, ancestor of the Marquess of Lansdowne. About a British mile west of the island are the Roancarrig rocks, so called from the number of seals that frequent them.

CAPPOG, or KIPPOGUE, a parish, in the barony of ARDEE, county of LOUTH, and province of LEINSTER, 1 mile (N.) from Dunleer; containing 542 inhabitants, of which number,. 128 are in the village. This parish is situated on the road from Drogheda to Dundalk, and comprises, according to the Ordnance survey, 1283 1/2 statute acres, partly pasture but chiefly arable land. It. is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, and constitutes part of the union of Dunleer: the tithes amount to £127. 11. In the R. C. divisions it is also part of the union or district of Dunleer.

CAPPOQUIN, a post-town, in the parish of LISMORE, barony of COSHMORE, county of WATERFORD, and province of MUNSTER, 30 3/4 miles (W. S. W.) from Waterford, and 106 1/2 (S. W. by S.) from Dublin; containing 2289 inhabitants. This place is of considerable antiquity, and had anciently a castle supposed to have been erected by the Fitzgerald family, but at what period is unknown. In the war of 1641, this castle was garrisoned by the Earl of Cork; and in 1642. Lord Broghill, on his return from the relief of Knockmoane with about 60 horse and 140 foot, defeated a party of the insurgents who were strongly posted in its vicinity, and, with the loss of only one man of his party, killed 200 of them and two of their captains. In July, 1643, Gen. Purcell, having assembled his army at this place to besiege Lismore, ravaged the surrounding country; and, in 1645, the castle was taken by Lord Castlehaven after an obstinate defence. The Earl of Cork built a bridge over the river at this place, and in the 17th and 18th of Chas. II., an act was passed for building a new bridge. The town is pleasantly situated on the northern bank of the river Blackwater, in the angle from which it takes its course southerly to Youghal, and on the mail coach road from Waterford, through Youghal, to Cork. The navigation is continued by a canal to Lismore, and several new roads have been formed on the best levels diverging from the town, opening an improved communication with the adjoining counties. A road has also been constructed along the western bank of the river to Youghal; and it is intended to take down the present bridge, which is a light structure of wood, and replace it with a substantial building of stone. The surrounding country is finely diversified, and abounds with highly picturesque scenery. Near the town is the seat of Sir R. Keane, Bart., a handsome mansion of hewn stone, situated in a richly improved, and well planted demesne, commanding a fine view of Dromana and the river Blackwater. Fairs are held in the town on March 17th, May 31st, July 5th, Sept. 20th, and Oct. 29th. A constabulary police force has been stationed here, and petty sessions are held once a fortnight.

The church, which is a chapel of ease to the church of Lismore, from which it is 2 1/2 miles distant, is a neat edifice with a spire; and near it is a R. C. chapel. There is a school under the Cork Society for supporting Schools in Munster, for which a neat school-house of stone has been erected, at an expense of £250; and a dispensary is supported. At Mount Melleray, near the town, is the abbey of St. Bernard la Trappe, recently erected in the midst of a large mountainous tract, previously a barren wild, granted for that purpose to the society on very liberal terms by Sir R. Keane, Bart. The monastery encloses a quadrangular area, on three sides of which are ranges of building, 162 feet in length, 30 feet broad, and 32 feet high, containing a dormitory, kitchen, chapter-room, sacristy, and other apartments; and on the fourth side is the church of the monastery, 185 feet in length, 30 feet wide in the nave, 52 feet in the transept, and 50 feet high, with a tower surmounted by a spire of wood sheeted with copper painted to imitate stone, 140 feet high from the ground. Great improvements have been made in the land; 120 acres of the mountain have been reclaimed, and fencing, draining, and the making of roads have been extensively carried on; about eight acres have been enclosed for a kitchen garden, producing excellent vegetables; and more than 30, 000 trees have been planted, most of which are flourishing. The monks have opened a school for the poor of the neighbourhood, and intend also to establish an agricultural school.

CARAGH, or CAROGH, a parish, in the barony of CLANE, county of KILDARE, and province of LEINSTER, 3 miles (N. W.) from Naas; containing 1031 inhabitants. This parish, of which the name is sometimes written Kerogh, is situated on the river Liffey, and on the turnpike-road from Naas to Edenderry. The soil is fertile; the land is chiefly in the occupation of private gentlemen, and is in a state of excellent cultivation. Clover, turnips, and other green crops are raised with success, and the potatoes are all drilled; there is neither waste land nor bog in the parish, but fuel is obtained in abundance from bogs in the immediate vicinity. Donore, the spacious mansion of W. Hussey Burgh, Esq., was built by the late Walter Hussey, Esq., grandfather of the present proprietor, who afterwards took the name of Burgh, and was appointed chief baron of the Irish Exchequer. Yeomanstown, the seat of W. H. Mansfield, Esq., is also in this parish. On the river Liffey are the Yeomanstown mills, capable of manufacturing from 6000 to 7000 barrels of flour annually. The living consists of a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare; the rectory is united to the vicarage of Naas; and the vicarage was episcopally united, in 1764, to the entire rectory of Bridechurch and the vicarage of Downings, together forming the union of Caragh, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithes amount to £205, of which £136. 13. 4. is payable to the rector, and £68. 6. 8. to the vicar. There is at present no church in the union; but a grant of £900 was made by the late Board of First Fruits for the erection of one; in the mean time, divine service is performed in a house at Downings, licensed by the Bishop. There is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the R. C. divisions this parish is the head of a union or district, including also the parishes of Downings and Ladytown: the chapel is a neat modern edifice, near the site of the old parish church; there is also a chapel at Prosperous. A school-house has been built by subscription, on a site presented by A. Mansfield, Esq., for a school in connection with the National Board, in which are about 120 boys and 90 girls.

CARBERY, an island, in the parish of SKULL, Western Division of the barony of WEST CARBERY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 16 miles (S. W.) from Bantry; containing 4 inhabitants. This small island is situated in Dunmanus bay, and comprises only six acres of land: it is very little frequented, although large ships may ride in summer on good ground any where above it, and there is excellent anchorage to the west of the island.

CARBERY, or CASTLE-CARBERY, a parish, in the barony of CARBERY, county of KILDARE, and province of LEINSTER, 3 1/4 miles (E. N. E.) from Edenderry; containing 1476 inhabitants, of which number, 159 are in the village. This place derives its name from an ancient castle, of which there are some remains, situated on a lofty isolated hill, and which was, early in the 14th century, a seat of the Bermingham family, of whom Sir William Bermingham, Knt., was created Baron of Carbery, in 1541. It was afterwards the property of the family of Colley or Cowley, ancestors of the present noble family of Wellesley; and in 1783, Arthur Pomeroy, Esq., having married an heiress of that house, obtained the title of Lord Harberton, of Carbery, and was afterwards created Viscount Harberton. The parish is situated at the north-western extremity of the county, on the confines of the King's county, near the source of the river Boyne, and on the verge of the Bog of Allen, which is here bounded by abrupt eminences of limestone: the greater portion of the land is arable, and some of the farms wholly under tillage. Newberry, the seat of Viscount Harberton, is in the immediate vicinity of the village. The other seats in the parish are Drummin House, the residence of R. Grattan, Esq., M. D.; Ballyhagan, of Miss Palmer; and Newberry House, of E. Wolstenholme, Esq. The village consists of 27 dwellings; it is a constabulary police station; and fairs are held on May 26th and Oct. 2nd. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare, united to those of Nurney, Ballynadrimna, Cadamstown, Dunfert, Mylerstown, Ardkill, and Carrick, together forming the union of Carbery, in the patronage of Lord Harberton; the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Downshire. The tithes amount to £133. 19. 4 3/4., of which £89. 6. 3 1/4. is payable to the impropriator, and £44. 13. 1 1/2. to the vicar; and the gross tithes of the benefice amount to £303. 13. 5 1/2. The church is a neat plain edifice, with a square tower. There is no glebe-house; the glebe comprises 3 3/4 acres in several detached portions. In the R. C. divisions this parish is partly in the union or district of Ballina, and partly the head of a union, comprising also the parishes of Dunfert, Ardkill, and Kilmore, in which are two chapels, one here and one at Dunfert; the former is a plain building in good repair. The parochial school, in which are about 40 boys and 20 girls, is supported by subscription; and there are two pay schools, in which are about 60 boys and 30 girls. The ruins of the castle consist chiefly of a square pile of building with tall chimneys, apparently of the time of Hen. VIII.

CARDANGAN, or CURDANGAN, a parish, in the barony of CLANWILLIAM, county of TIPPERARY, and province of MUNSTER; containing, with part of the town of Tipperary, 2345 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road from Tipperary to the glen of Aherlow, and extends into a plain which for its fertility and beauty is called the Golden Vale: it contains some of the richest land in Ireland, although occasionally alternated with heathy mountain. The principal seats are Brookville, that of J. Sadleir, Esq., and Ballyglass, of Mrs. Slattery. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Emly, and is part of the union and corps of the prebend of Lattin in the cathedral of Emly; the rectory is impropriate in Wm. Moore, Esq. The tithes amount to £153. 15., of which £102. 10. is payable to the impropriator, and £51. 5. to the vicar. In the R. C. divisions also it is part of the union or district of Lattin. Here is a free school under the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, which is more particularly noticed in the article on Tipperary, also a pay school, in which are about 30 boys and 10 girls.

CARGAN, or CARRIGIN, a parish, in the barony of CLARE, county of GALWAY, and province of CONNAUGHT, 3 ¼ miles (S. W.) from Headford, on the eastern shore of Lough Corrib; containing 1214 inhabitants. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, and is part of the union of Headford: the tithes amount to £103.10.7. In the R. C. divisions also it forms part of the union or district of Headford. At Ballyconlaght there is a daily pay school of 60 boys and 14 girls.

CARGINS, or CARRAGANS, an extra-parochial district, in the barony of UPPER ORIOR, county of ARMAGH, and province of ULSTER, 6 miles (N. W.) from Dundalk; containing 355 inhabitants. This place is situated on the road from Newtown-Hamilton to Dundalk, and in the midst of a mountainous district: it comprises 503 acres, of which more than 100 are mountain, half of which is barren rock; the land in cultivation is of a light friable nature, producing good crops. The Irish language only is spoken. There is a pay school, in which are about 35 children.

CARLANSTOWN, a village, in the parish of KILBEG, barony of LOWER KELLS, county of MEATH, and province of LEINSTER, 2 ½ miles (N. E.) from Kells; containing 293 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Bailieborough to Dublin, by Navan, and in 1833 comprised 53 houses. Fairs are held on March 12th, May 1st, Aug. 6th, and Nov. 19th; the last is for fat cattle, and is considered the largest and best of the kind in the county. Sir H. Meredyth, Bart., the proprietor, intends making considerable improvements in the village. The R. C. parochial chapel is situated here. --See KILBEG.

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CARLINGFORD, a seaport, market and post-town, and a parish (formerly a parliamentary borough), in the barony of LOWER DUNDALK, county of LOUTH, and province of LEINSTER, 11 1/2 miles (E. by N.) from Dundalk, and 59 3/4 (N.) from Dublin; containing 12, 185 inhabitants, of which number, 1319 are in the town. This town appears to have originated in the erection of a castle, either by De Lacy or De Courcy, by order of King John, in 1210, but is mentioned by some authorities as the place where St. Patrick, in 432, effected his second landing; and the ferry of Carlingford was granted by Sir John de Courcy, in the year 1184, to the abbey of Downpatrick. The town, which gradually rose in the neighbourhood of the castle, appears to have consisted chiefly of castellated buildings, arising from its situation on the frontier of the pale. In 1301, Matilda de Lacy, widow of David, Baron of Naas, granted the advowson of the church to the priory of Kilmainham; and in 1305, Richard de Burgo, Earl of Ulster, founded a monastery for Dominicans here, dedicated to St. Malachy. Edw. II., in 1358, granted to his son, Lionel, Earl of Ulster, licence to hold a weekly market on Thursday, and a yearly fair here for six days. In 1404, the manor of Carlingford and town of Irish-Grange, which had previously belonged to the abbey and convent of Newry, vested by forfeiture in the king, who granted them in fee to Richard Sedgrave. A mint was established here in 1467, by act of parliament; and in 1495 it was enacted that Englishmen only should be constables of the castle. In 1596, Henry Oge, son-in-law of the Earl of Tyrone, notwithstanding the submission made and pledges given by that nobleman to Queen Elizabeth, made an attempt to surprise the castle, but was defeated. Sir Henry Tichbourne took possession of the town in 1642, not, however, before it had suffered much injury by fire, from the adherents of Sir Phelim O'Nial. In 1649, Lord Inchiquin, after taking Dundalk, marched to this place, and compelled the castle, with other neighbouring fortresses, to surrender; but in the following year it was delivered up to Sir Charles Coote and Col. Venables. A party of the forces of Jas. II., in 1689, set fire to the town, in their retreat before the army of Duke Schomberg, who, in consequence, issued a proclamation threatening that, if such conduct were repeated, he should give no quarter. During the duke's encampment at Dundalk, and while disease was spreading through his forces, the sick were removed into Carlingford, until they became too numerous to be accommodated.

The town is beautifully situated on the south-west side of the spacious lough or bay to which it gives name, and immediately at the base of an extensive range of mountains which terminates at this point. It consists of 288 houses, and, though small, has an interesting appearance, from the venerable ruins of its castle and abbey; it has a sub-post-office to Newry. The scenery of the bay is remarkably fine: the Mourne mountains, on the opposite side, are beautifully varied with rocks, woods, heath, and verdure; and in the foreground the shores are enlivened with neat cottages and numerous bathing-lodges. Carlingford mountain, which overhangs the castle, attains, according to the Ordnance survey, an elevation of 1935 feet, above the level of the sea: from its height and position it intercepts, during a great part of the summer, the direct rays of the sun, for several hours before sunset. The oysters found in the bay are highly esteemed, and are sent in great quantities to Dublin, Liverpool, and other places. There is some trade in grain, great quantities of herrings are caught during the season, and fishing nets are made. The port has also some trade with Dublin, to which it sends large quantities of potatoes; and coal is imported from Scotland and Whitehaven. The bay, one of the finest natural havens on the coast, is eight miles in length and about four in breadth, extending inland, in a north-western direction, to Warren Point. The tide flows past the town to the port of Newry, and the harbour is accessible to large vessels at spring tides, but near the mouth the navigation is rendered rather hazardous by shoals and sunken rocks. A lighthouse at Cranfield Point on the northern side of the bay has been removed, and one, showing a bright fixed light, has been erected in its stead on Hawlbowling rock; at half-tide it shows, at night, an additional light halfway up the building; in the day, a black ball is hoisted on the top of a pole, 10 or 12 feet above the lantern, and in thick or foggy weather a bell is kept continually tolling by clock-work. On Greenore Point also a small lighthouse with a revolving light has been erected. The harbour dues are collected in the name of the Marquess of Anglesey, as lord of the manor, and admiral of Carlingford bay; they are leased for £20 per annum. The market is on Saturday; fairs are held on the first Saturday in each month, and there is also one on Sept. 29th. There are a coast-guard and a chief constabulary police station in the town, also three coast-guard stations at Cooley Point, Greenore Point, and O'Meath.

This is a borough of very great antiquity, probably by prescription. A corporation is recognised so early as 1326, when the king granted to the bailiffs of "Karlyngford" a charter for levying murage for six years, to enclose the town with a stone wall. By patent dated the 13th of March, 1409, Hen. IV., on the petition of the corporation, representing that the town had been often burned and wasted by the Irish and Scotch, acquitted them of all subsidies, tollages, &c, for several years; and for the same reasons, customs were granted to them, for 24 years from 1501, towards fortifying the town with a stone wall. Queen Elizabeth granted by charter, in 1571, extensive privileges and immunities. The governing charter, dated the 9th of August, 17th of Jas. I. (1619), creates a sovereign, 12 burgesses, and a commonalty of six, giving them authority over the whole of Carlingford and its liberties, with the exception of the castle of Arthur Bagenal, lord of the manor and its appurtenances. This charter declared that the corporation should be styled the " Sovereign, Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Town and Borough of Carlingford; " and should consist of a sovereign, twelve burgesses, and an unlimited number of freemen; two serjeants-at-mace and a coroner, a clerk of the market, and clerk of the entries, were also to be appointed. The sovereign is elected by and from among the burgesses, on Sept. 29th, and is a justice of the peace within the borough; he has the power of appointing a deputy, subject to the approbation of the burgesses. The burgesses are elected out of the commonalty for life, by the existing burgesses, and in conjunction with the sovereign possess the power of admitting freemen and appointing the corporation officers. As the admission of freemen was optional with them, none have been admitted since 1754. The sovereign and burgesses returned two members to the Irish Parliament prior to the Union, when the £15, 000 paid as compensation for the loss of the franchise was divided equally between the Marquess of Downshire and the guardians of Mr. Ross Balfour Moore. The limits of the borough are reputed to extend about 2 miles on the north, and 1 3/4 mile on the south, side of the town, along the sea shore, and from the top of a ridge of mountains rising immediately behind it to the shore of the bay. A b