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Nagle, Nano, foundress of the Presentation order, a woman of singular devotion and piety, daughter of Garrett Nagle, a Catholic gentleman of property, was born at Ballygriffin, County of Cork, in 1728. She was educated in Paris. At an early age her thoughts were turned to the miserably ignorant condition of the poor Irish Catholic children, deprived under the Penal Laws of all chances of education. In Dublin, in 1763, almost privately and on a small scale, and afterwards in Cork more openly, she established schools, principally at her own cost, for the religious and secular education of the very poor. In these establishments, and in the homes of the poor, she laboured at all hours and in all weather, teaching, and advising, and sympathizing with the people in their sorrows. In September 1771, at her instance, a house for the reception of nuns of the Ursuline order was opened at Cork, and a small community, in filiation with that of St. Jacques in Paris, was settled there. So strong was the prejudice against them among the dominant class, that for many years, except in the privacy of their convent, these nuns had to wear secular dress. Disappointed, however, that the Ursulines devoted themselves chiefly to the education of the rich, she collected together a number of ladies who agreed to give themselves solely to the poor. Nano Nagle did not live to see the full results of her labours. She died in the South Presentation Convent in Cork, 20thigot April 1784, aged 55. The work established by her grew and spread; and in 1791 the community was recognized by Pope Pius VI., and given authority "to erect, and to form, not only in the city of Cork, but in other towns, houses for the reception of pious virgins, whose duty it should be to instruct little girls in the rudiments of faith and morals, to teach them different works peculiar to their sex, to visit sick females in the public infirmaries, and help them in their necessities;" and in 1805 it was fully established as the Presentation order, with power to take vows, and with a rule founded upon that of St. Augustin. There are at present seventy-three Presentation Convents - most of them in Ireland, but several in England, and some in America and Australia.

Napier, Sir William Francis Patrick, General, K.C.B., was born at Celbridge, near Dublin, 17th December 1785. He was third son of the Hon. George Napier and Lady Sarah Lennox, daughter of the Duke of Richmond; and was consequently first cousin of Charles James Fox and Lord Edward FitzGerald. William was educated at Celbridge with his elder brother, Charles, afterwards conqueror of Scinde, who had been born in London. After passing through some experiences of the Insurrection of 1798, he entered the army as an ensign, 14th June 1800; became lieutenant, 18th April 1801; and captain, 2nd June 1804. He served at the bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807, and in 1808 went with his regiment to Spain, and bore more than his share of the hardships of Sir John Moore's retreat. He conceived a great veneration for Moore, and in after years declared that it was mainly to clear his memory from false imputations that he conceived the idea of writing a history of the Peninsular War. In 1809 Napier became Aide-de-camp to his uncle, the Duke of Richmond, Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland, but gave up the appointment to accompany his regiment to Portugal. He received a hip wound at the fight on the Coa; was at Busaco, and at Cazal Noval, where he received a bullet in the spine, and his brother George had an arm broken. As a reward for their bravery, the brothers were selected by Wellington (two of eleven captains out of the whole army) for the brevet rank of major. While still suffering from his wounds he fought at Fuentes d'Onore; but after the second siege of Badajos was stricken with fever, and obliged to return home in the autumn of 1811. In the spring of the following year he married a daughter of General Henry Fox, and only three weeks afterwards, on learning that Badajos was besieged, sailed again for Portugal, though far from recovered of his wounds. He took command of the 43rd Eegiment, which was not in the best of training, and required vigorous measures to restore it to proper discipline. He was present at Salamanca in July, and was with the division that entered Madrid next month. Major Napier went to England in January 1813, and rejoined his regiment in the Pyrenees in the following August, taking a prominent part in the storming of the Petite Rhune, and at the passage of the Nive. He was severely wounded in defending the churchyard of Arcanques; and was again engaged at Orthes. He returned to England in April or May 1814, and received the brevet rank of Lieutenant- Colonel at the termination of the campaign. After recovering from a protracted illness, resulting from wounds and exposure, he joined the Military College at Farnham, whence he was hurried to Belgium in the summer of 1815; but, much to his mortification, arrived too late to take part in the battle of Waterloo. He now devoted himself to literary pursuits, while taking an intelligent and active interest in home politics. From 1842 to 1848 he was Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey; in the latter year he was created a K.C.B., and subsequently a General. Besides minor publications, he wrote The Conquest of Scinde (1844); a history of his brother Charles's administration of Scinde (1851); English Battles and Sieges in the Peninsula (1855); and - Life and Opinions of General Sir Charles Napier, 4 vols. (1857). In this last work, as remarked by a critic, "the idolatry of the Napiers was carried to the extremest] fanaticism, and every one who had by any chance interfered with the plans or prospects of either of the brothers was attacked with the most contemptuous acerbity." The great work upon which his reputation as an author rests is his History of the War in the Peninsula and the South of France, 1807 to 1814. The first volume appeared in 1828, and the sixth and last in 1840. This History has passed through several editions, and is considered a standard work. The following remarks upon it will be found in the English Cyclopaedia (1857): "Perhaps no military history of equal excellence has ever been written. It cost the author sixteen years of continuous labour. He was himself a witness of several of the series of operations, and was engaged in many of the battles. His wide acquaintance with military men enabled him to consult many distinguished officers, English and French, and he was especially supplied with materials and documents by the Duke of Wellington and Marshal Soult. The ordinary sources of information were embarrassing from their abundance. One mass of materials deserves especial mention. When Joseph Bonaparte fled from Vittoria, he left behind him a very large collection of letters, which, however, were without order, in three languages, many almost illegible, and the most important in cipher, of which there was no key. It was the correspondence of Joseph Bonaparte while nominally King of Spain. Sir William Napier was in a state of perplexity, and almost in despair of being able to make any use of these valuable materials, when his wife undertook to arrange the letters according to dates and subjects, to make a table of reference, and to translate and epitomize the contents of each. Many of the most important documents were entirely in cipher; of some letters about one-half was in cipher, and others had a few words so written interspersed. All these documents and letters Lady Napier arranged, and with a rare sagacity and patience she deciphered the secret writing. The entire correspondence was then made available for the historian's purpose. She also made out Sir William Napier's rough interlined manuscripts, which were almost illegible to himself, and wrote out the whole work fair for the printers, it may be said three times, so frequent were the changes made. Sir William Napier mentions these facts in the preface to the edition of 1851, and in paying his tribute to Lady Napier, observes that this amount of labour was accomplished without her having for a moment neglected the care and education of a large family." Criticisms and rejoinders to statements in this work form almost a literature in themselves, and are fully detailed by Allibone. General Sir William Napier died at Clapham, 12th February 1860, aged 74. A marble statue has been erected to his memory in St. Paul's Cathedral.

Nary, Cornelius, Rev., was born in the County of Kildare in 1660, and received his education at Naas. At twenty-four years of age he was ordained at Kilkenny, and shortly afterwards removed to Paris. He studied at the Irish College, of which he subsequently became Provisor, and in 1694 took the degree of LL.D. at Cambray. After acting for a time as tutor to the Earl of Antrim, he returned to Ireland, and was appointed parish priest of St.Michan's, in Dublin, where he continued until his death on the 3rd March 1738, aged about 78. Harris styles him "a man of learning and of a good character." He was the author of The Chief Points in Controversy between the Catholics and the Protestants (Antwerp, 1699); The New Testament Translated into English from the Latin (Lond. 1705); and some thirteen other works enumerated by Harris.

Neilson, Samuel, United Irishman. See Addendum.

Neligan, John Moore, M.D., a distinguished physician, was born in 1815 at Clonmel. At an early age he lost his father, who was a medical practitioner. When but twenty-one years of age he took his medical degree, practised for a short time in Clonmel and Cork, and in 1840 removed to Dublin, where he soon took a foremost place in the profession, both as a teacher and practitioner. Dr. Neligan's great book, Medicines, their Uses and Modes of Administration, which has gone through many editions, and is still a standard work, was first published in 1843. In 1848 he edited a second edition of his friend Dr. Graves's Clinical Lectures. He edited the Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science from 1849 to 1861, contributing to its pages numerous important papers. Dr. Neligan specially devoted himself to cutaneous diseases, and in 1852 published a work on Diseases of the Skin, which established him in the position he had been rapidly attaining as the leading consulting physician in Ireland on those affections. He was a member of the principal medical bodies in Dublin, and an honorary member of at least two on the Continent. Dr. Neligan died 24th July 1863, aged 48. "Of a commanding appearance, highly favoured by nature in mind and person, his industry was untiring... In him society has lost a skilful physician - medicine, an able exponent - the profession, a dauntless upholder of its rights and dignity."

Nesta, a beautiful Welsh princess, daughter of Rhys ap Tudor Mawr, Prince of South Wales, was the ancestor of some of the leading Anglo-Norman invaders of Ireland, and consequently of several of the most important Irish families: she died in 1136. The following list of her children and grandchildren may be found useful for reference. Great care has been taken in its compilation from different authorities, no two of which, however, agree as to the names of her descendants, or the order of their birth. NESTA, by KING HENRY I. of England, had two sons- Robert FitzRoy, Earl of Gloucester, mar. Mabel, daughter and heiress of Sir Robert FitzAymon, the conqueror of Glamorgan; Henry FitzRoy (killed in an attack on Anglesea about 1156) left two sons- Miler FitzHenry, mar. niece of Hugh de Lacy; Robert FitzHenry. NESTA married (about 1095) GERALD FITZ- WALTER(died about 1135), Castellan of Windsor, and Constable of Pembroke, and by him had issue- William FitzGerald (died 1174), ancestor of the FitzMaurices and Graces, was father of- Raymond FitzGerald (commonly styled Raymond Ie Gros), mar. Basilia, sister of Strongbow; Griffith FitzGerald; A daughter. Maurice FitzGerald (died 1176), mar. Alice, daughter of Arnulph, a connexion of William the Conqueror, and was father of- William FitzGerald, Baron of Naas; Gerald FitzGerald, Baron of Offaly, ancestor of the Earls of Kildare; Thomas FitzGerald (died 1213), ancestor of the Desmond FitzGeralds, mar., Ellinor, sister of Hervey de Marisco; Alexander FitzGerald, of Compton in England; Nesta, mar. in 1175, Hervey de Marisco. David FitzGerald, Bishop of St. David's, 1147 to 1176, had a son- Miles of St. David's. Angharat, mar. William de Barry, and had four sons- Robert de Barry; Philip de Barry; Walter de Barry; Gerald de Barry (Giraldus Cambrensis). A daughter (? Gledewis),mar. Cogan, by whom she had- Milo de Cogan, mar. a daughter of Robert FitzStephen; Richard de Cogan. NESTA lastly espoused STEPHEN, Constable of Cardigan, and to him she bore Robert FitzStephen, the conqueror of Waterford, whose sons were- Ralph FitzStephen (died 1182), mar. daughter of Milo de Cogan; Meredith FitzStephen (died 1171).

Newport, Sir John, Bart., a politician, the son of a Waterford banker, was born there 24th October 1756. He was created a baronet in 1789. In 1802 he entered Parliament as member for his native city, and acting in concert with the Whigs, continued to represent it, with short intermissions, until 1832. After the passage of the Reform Bill he was appointed Comptroller of the Exchequer; from which office he retired in 1839 with a pension of £1,000. He died at Newpark, near Waterford, 9th February 1843, aged 87. He was thus spoken of in 1830: "There never was an Irish question during the last twenty-eight years on which the member for Waterford did not distinguish himself by a fearless and uncompromising devotion to his country's welfare."

Niall of the Nine Hostages, a distinguished warrior, reigned over Ireland, according to the Four Masters, from 379 to 405. He carried his victorious arms into different parts of Ireland, Britain, and Gaul, and derived his name "Naoighiallach," from the hostages held captive for the good behaviour of districts he had conquered. A Roman poet, Claudian, is by some believed to have referred to his expeditions in the lines: "Totam cum Scotus Iernen, Movit, et infesto spumavit remige Tethys." It has been suggested that St. Patrick may have been brought to Ireland among the captives taken in one of Niall's foreign incursions. He was assassinated in Gaul in 405, by Eochaidh, King of Leinster, whom he had exiled. Niall was succeeded in the sovereignty by Dathi. The O'Neills and other Irish families trace their ancestry to Niall.

Niall Glundubh, Monarch of Ireland, 914 to 919, Lord of Aileach, a descendant of the preceding. In 910 he and the men of Aileach were defeated in a great battle at Crossakeel, in Meath, by Flann Sinna, In 914, on Flann's death, Niall assumed the supreme power, and in the summer of next year fought an indecisive battle against the Northmen, who had arrived in great numbers, and established themselves at Dublin and other seaports. In October 919 he fell in an encounter with them at Kilmashoge, near Rathfarnham; when they extended their plundering expeditions into all parts of the country. Niall's queen was Gormlaith [see GORMLAITH] "a very fair, virtuous, and learned damosell."

Nicholson, John, Brigadier-General, son of an Irish physician, Dr. Alexander Nicholson, was born in Dublin, 11th December 1821. He lost his father when eight years old, whereupon his mother removed to Lisburn, and most of his education was received at Dungannon School. In 1837 he obtained an appointment as ensign in the Indian army, and joined the 41st Native Infantry at Benares. He took part in the Affghan war, in 1842, saw some severe fighting, and endured a miserable captivity of some months. On the 6th November in the same year his brother Alexander was killed in action in India. In 1846 he was appointed one of two military instructors to Gholab Singh's army in Cashmere, and next year assistant to Sir Henry Lawrence, Resident at Lahore. There his great executive abilities became apparent, and he was entrusted by his chief with several important missions. In the spring of 1848 the Sikh war broke out, and he specially distinguished himself at Attock and the Margulla Pass. His services at Chillianwallah and Guzerat were fully acknowledged in Lord Gough's dispatches. In 1849, when the Punjaub became a British province, Captain Nicholson, then but twenty-eight, was appointed a Deputy-Commissioner under the Lahore Board, of which Sir Henry Lawrence was President. In 1850 he left for home on furlough-on his way engaging in an unsuccessful plot to liberate Kossuth from captivity in a Turkish fortress. On his return to India next year, he was reappointed to his old post in the Punjaub, and did good service as an administrator and governor for several years. The breaking out of the mutiny in May 1857 found him Colonel Nicholson, at Peshawur. He acted with the greatest promptitude, removed a large treasure to a place of safety, dismissed some native regiments under circumstances that required consummate tact and decision, and at Murdan, on 25th May, helped to put to rout a force of the mutineers. On this occasion he was fully twenty hours in the saddle, traversed not less than seventy miles, and cut down many fugitives with his own hand. On 22nd June he took command of a movable column for the relief of Delhi, annihilated a large force of the enemy at Trimmoo, and effected a junction with the small band of British at Delhi on 14th August. Ten days afterwards he fought the battle of Nujufgurh, in which between 3,000 and 4,000 of the mutineers were slain. Already he had been created Brigadier-General. On 14th September, while heading an attack on a Sepoy position, he was mortally wounded; and died on the 23rd (1857), aged 35. Sir John Lawrence, writing a few weeks later to his brother, Lieutenant Charles Nicholson, who lost a foot in the same engagement, said: "His loss is a national misfortune;" and he remarked in a despatch: "He was an officer equal to any emergency... His services since the mutiny broke out have not been surpassed by those of any other officer in this part of India." Brigadier- General Nicholson, like his friend and fellow-countryman Sir Henry Lawrence, who fell shortly before him, was of a deeply religious cast of mind. He was never married. A pension of £500 a year was granted by the East India Company to his mother; and it was officially announced that had he survived he would have been created a Knight Commander of the Bath.

Nicolson, William, Archbishop of Cashel, was born in Cumberland in 1655, was in 1702 consecrated Bishop of Derry, and in 1726 advanced to the archbishopric of Cashel, and died of apoplexy, 15th February 1727. He deserves notice as author of the Irish Historical Library, printed in Dublin in 1724, containing a valuable list of authors and records in print and manuscript on subjects relating to the history of Ireland. Cotton styles him "a zealous antiquary and a learned historian and philologist." Harris's Ware says: "He fell into many errors in this work, for want of sufficient acquaintance with the Irish manuscripts and language. But notwithstanding that, much thanks are due to him for the extraordinary pains he took to inform himself about the materials which may be had for improving Irish history." O'Curry speaks of his "valuable Irish Historical Library"

Nolan, Michael, Judge of a Welsh circuit, a distinguished Irish lawyer, was born the middle of the 18th century. He was the author of a Treatise on the Irish Poor Laws (2 vols. 1805) and other important law books, a list of which is given by Allibone. He died in 1827.

Norris, or Norreys, Sir John, President of Munster (grandson of Sir Henry Norris, executed for alleged criminality with Queen Anne Boleyn), was born the middle of the 16th century. He distinguished himself in the Low Countries, in 1575 served under Lord Essex in Ireland, and on 22nd July carried out the massacre on Rathlin Island [see MACDONNELL, SORLEY BOY]. According to Mr. Froude, some 200 of a garrison, and 400 women and children were slain on this occasion - "chiefly mothers and their little ones,.. hidden in the caves about the shore. There was no remorse, not even the faintest shadow of perception that the occasion called for it. They were hunted out as if they had been seals or otters, all destroyed." (Froude's England, vol. xi. p. 185.) He was appointed President of Munster in June 1584. In 1589 he was joint commander with Drake in an expedition against Spain. In February 1595 he landed a force of some 2,000 veteran troops to oppose O'Neill and the confederate chieftains of the north. He and his brother Sir Thomas were wounded in an effort to revictual Armagh the same summer. Next year he headed a great hosting against O'Neill, O'Donnell, and the northern chieftains, and placed garrisons at Cong, Galway, Athenry, Kilconnell, Ballinasloe, Boscommon, Tulsk, and Boyle. He was knighted in Christ Church, Dublin, in April 1597. In the same year, according to the Four Masters, he "was deprived of his office by the new Lord-Justice, who had last arrived in Ireland, and went to Munster, where he remained with his brother, Sir Thomas Norris, who had been previously [Vice] President under him of Munster for the period of twelve years." Fynes Moryson says that the ill success of the war in Ireland and the jealousy of the Earl of Essex on account of some old transactions in Brittany, "brake his brave and formerly undaunted heart, for without sickenes or any publike signe of griefe, he suddenly died in the embrace of his deere brother Sir Thomas Norreys." Considerable differences had latterly existed between him and Lord Deputy Russell as to the proper policy to be pursued towards the native chieftains - Sir John favouring conciliation, and Russell desiring a "rigorous prosecution of the rebels." Probably on account of his cruelty at Rathlin, he was believed by the Irish to have sold himself to the Devil, who carried him off unexpectedly. O'Sullivan Beare concludes that O'Neill had often defeated, not only Norris, "peritissimum Anglorum imperatorem, omni pugnandi apparatu superiorem, sed ipsum etiam diabolum qui illi ex pacto fuisse opitulatus creditur vicerit."

Norris, Sir Thomas, President of Munster, younger brother of preceding, also distinguished himself in the wars of Ireland. He figures on several occasions in the Annals of the Four Masters and in Fynes Moryson's Itinerary. In 1588 he accompanied Sir Richard Bingham in an expedition against Connaught; in 1595 he and his brother John were wounded in a skirmish near Athlone; and in September 1597, he was appointed President of Munster in Sir John's place, having been already Vice-President thereof for some years. He was mortally wounded in a conflict with the Burkes near Kilmallock in the summer of 1599; and died six weeks afterwards at Maola, near Kilmallock. The death of "a noble young knight, Sir Henry Norris," probably his elder brother, in a battle at Finneterstown, near Adare, about the same time, is noted by the annalists. Sir Thomas was ancestor of the present Sir Denham Norreys, Bart.

Norris, Sir John, Admiral, a distinguished British naval officer, was born in Ireland about the year 1674. In July 1690 he was appointed to command the Pelican, on account of gallant behaviour as Lieutenant at the engagement off Beachy Head. In March 1707, he was promoted to the rank of Rear-Admiral of the Blue, and in the same year served under Sir Cloudesley Shovel in the Mediterranean, and was actively engaged in the abortive attack upon Toulon. After having been advanced to be Vice-Admiral of the White, in 1708 he became Vice-Admiral of the Red, and a few months afterwards Admiral of the Blue. His supposed ill-luck in the matter of weather procured for him the appellation of "Foul-weather Jack." In 1717 he was Envoy-Extraordinary to the Czar. At the time of his death he represented Rye in Parliament, and was the oldest admiral in the British navy, having seen sixty years' service. He died 13th June 1749, aged about 75.

Nugent, Sir Richard, 15th Baron Delvin, Earl of Westmeath, was born in 1583. He was descended from Sir Gilbert de Nugent, who came to Ireland with Hugh de Lacy. At the age of twenty he was knighted in Christ Church, on occasion of the creation of Rury O'Donnell, Earl of Tirconnell. Suspected of being implicated in a conspiracy for the subversion of the English power in Ireland, in May 1607 (the discovery of which real or pretended plot led to the flight of the Earls of Tyrone and Tirconnell), he was arrested, and committed to the Castle. Thence he escaped a fortnight afterwards, descending into the foss by cords which a servant managed to convey to him. Next year he submitted to the Crown, and was received into favour. He attended the Parliaments of 1613 and 1615, and in 1621 was advanced to the dignity of Earl of Westmeath. Refusing to join in the outbreak of October 1641, the Lords-Justices sent a party of horse to escort him to Dublin. The escort was defeated by the Irish near Athboy, and the Earl captured. Though liberated soon afterwards, he ultimately fell a victim to the Irish. Lodge tells us: "His lordship, in coming away towards Trim in his coach, was forcibly drawn and hauled out of it, and shot with pistol shots into the thigh, and then, in pulling and drawing him up and down, they drew both his shoulders out of joint; of which that noble Earl (being above sixty years old, blind of his eyes, and often struck with a dead palsy) died " [1641].

Nugent, Thomas, 4th Earl of Westmeath, was a colonel in the Irish army of James II., and was outlawed; but being one of the hostages exchanged for the observance of the articles of Limerick, the outlawry was reversed, and he was restored to his estates and honours. He died in 1752, aged 96.

Nugent, John, 5th Earl of Westmeath, a cadet in James II.'s Horse Guards at the Boyne, afterwards served with distinction on the Continent - in Flanders, at Luzzara, Ramillies, Oudenarde, Malplaquet, Kehl, and elsewhere. He died in retirement at Nivelles, in Brabant, 3rd July 1754, aged 83, the last Catholic representative of the title.

Nugent, Christopher, a Lieutenant- Colonel in James II.'s Irish army, went to France upon the capitulation of Limerick in 1691, and was given command of the Irish Horse Guards. He served in Flanders, and was wounded at Landen. In 1701 he joined the army of Italy and fought at Chiari, Luzzara, and Spire. He commanded a regiment of the Irish Brigade at Ramillies, Oudenarde, and Malplaquet. In 1712 he was present at the sieges of Denain and Douay; and in 1713, at Friburg. Having, without permission, accompanied the Pretender to Scotland in 1715, he was, on the remonstrance of the British ambassador, nominally deprived of his regiment. In 1718 he became major- general of horse. He died 4th June 1731.

Nugent, Lavall, Count, Field-Marshal in the Austrian service, descended from the 1st Earl of Westmeath, was born in Ireland in 1777. At an early age he became heir to his uncle Oliver Count Nugent, went to Austria in 1789, and entered the Imperial army in 1794. His abilities soon attracted notice. After the battle of Varaggio in 1799, he was elected a Knight of the military order of Maria Theresa, and after Marengo received his commission as major. In 1805 he became a lieutenant- colonel; 1809, major-general; and in the same year he was a plenipotentiary to the congress which preceded Napoleon's marriage to Maria Louisa. Refusing to sign the conditions forced upon the exhausted Austrians by Napoleon, he retired to England and was made a lieutenant-general in the British army. In 1811 he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Austria, and returned with important communications relative to the coalition organizing against France. In the winter of 1812-'13 he was sent by the British Government to Spain; and in 1813 he resumed the sword for Austria, drove the French out of Illyria; and next year bore a leading part in the successful campaign in Italy. He was gazetted a British K.C.B. In 1815 he led the force in Tuscany that defeated Murat, and in the summer of the same year commanded in the south of France. He next became Captain-General of the Neapolitan army; but in 1820 returned to the Austrian service. Although commanding in Italy and Hungary in 1848, he took no very active part in the field. In 1849 he was presented with the baton of a Field-Marshal, and honours of all kinds were showered upon him. He was present with his old companion Radetsky in Italy during the war with Sardinia, and accompanied the Emperor of Austria in his unfortunate campaign against the French and Italians in 1859. Field-Marshal Nugent married the Duchess of Riario Sforza, a descendant of Augustus III., King of Poland. He died on his estate in Croatia in August 1862, aged 84.

Nugent, Thomas, LL.D., born in Ireland probably early in the 18th century, was the author and translator of numerous works. Amongst the former may be mentioned, The Grand Tour, 4 vols., 1756; History of Vandalia, 3 vols., 1766-'73; Pocket Dictionary of French and English, 1767 (of which many editions have been published, still commanding a large sale); Travels in Germany, 2 vols., 1768. Perhaps the most important of his translations were Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws, and a Life of Benvenuto Cellini. In 1765 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by the University of Aberdeen. He died in Gray's Inn lane, London, 27th April 1772.

Intro A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M(1) | M(2) | M(3) | N | O(1) | O(2) | O(3) | P | Q | R | S(1) | S(2) | T | U | V | W(1) | W(2) | X | Y | Z | Addenda